Jasmine Grandiflora Oil

Shil il ham’, I’m just wishing you happiness, delights, hope and good spirits as this Arabic phrase means “smell the scent of Jasmine and forget your troubles”.

jasmine-bannerAdmired for its absolute elegance and transfixing fragrance, Jasmine is always the sweetest and the most valuable flower in the garden of nature. Scientifically known as Jasminum Grandiflorum, this royal Jasmine variety blooms during the day and transforms its fragrant essence throughout the daylight hours.

Jasmine Grandiflora is known as Jati in Sanskrit and is used in Ayurveda for numerous centuries in the treatment of cancer, ulcer, dysmennorhea, labor pain, migraine, wounds, skin infections, odontalgia, paralysis, depression, flatulence, venomous bites, insomnia and reproductive problems.

Jasmine essential oil is extracted by solvent extraction method from the flowers and is also known to the world by other popular names like Royal Jasmine, Spanish Jasmine, Catalonian Jasmine and Pichcha.

Purchase Jasmine Grandiflora Oil – Wholesale – CLICK HERE

Historical importance of Jasmine Grandiflora:

Jasmine symbolizes a variety of exuberant thoughts in various parts of the world. It is a sign of divine hope in India and the sweetness of women in China. Jasmine and its essential oil have been traditionally used as an aphrodisiac all over the world. Since the ancient Arabic and Hindu traditional systems, it is admired as the ‘perfume of pure love’ and thus the expression “no perfume without Jasmine.

In the traditional Ayurvedic medicine, the decoction extracted from the leaves of Jasmine Grandiflora plant is used in treating toothache, poisonous insect stings and venomous snake bites. The cold infusion of the flower buds is used as a natural eye wash for relieving irritation and burning sensation in the eyes. Jasmine has been used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine as an effective aphrodisiac and as a natural aid for treating depression and promoting relaxation.

The flowers, leaves and roots of Jasmine Grandiflora has been used a popular substitute to standard western medicine in the treatment of bone cancer, breast cancer, malignant tumors in the lymph nodes, anxiety, stress and depression. It is also used in treating respiratory problems, skin diseases and as an assistance during child birth and menstrual difficulties.

Fresh Jasmine blossoms are used in making ornamental wreaths for hair, garlands and as religious offerings to God and Goddesses in the Hindu religion. These aromatic flowers are also used in making perfumes, attars and aromatic hair oils to maintain hair health and retain its natural fragrance.

Therapeutic properties and chemical constituents of Jasmine Grandiflora essential oil:

Jasmine essential oil has emmenagogue, diuretic, anticancer, stimulant, vermifuge, astringent, deobstruent, tonic, emollient, aphrodisiac, thermogenic, depurative, anthelmintic, suppurative, anodyne, antidepressant, neurasthenia and dentifrice properties.

It takes about 7.6 million Jasmine flowers to extract 1 kg Jasmine essential oil. The major chemical constituents of Jasmine essential oil are methyl jasmonate, benzyl acetate, jasmone, linalyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, linalool, indol and phenylacetic acid.

Ayurvedic health benefits of Jasmine Grandiflora essential oil:

Jasmine is held-high as a sattvic flower in Ayurveda as it is trusted to open the heart chakra that is responsible for love for self and for others. This ancient philosophy aims at complete wellness encompassing physical, mental and spiritual well-being. Thus the primordial Ayurvedic encyclopedia, Charaka Samhita states “The three – body, psyche, and soul – act as a tripod. The world stands upon them, and within them, the world abides.”

Ayurveda aims at longevity through healthy aging and prevention of illnesses by living a modest life with disciplined lifestyle by practicing an Ayurvedic routine, yoga, simple physical exercises, meditation, prayers and the use of herbs and essential oils in case of ill health. Ayurveda believes that everything is a part of nature and illnesses occur when human beings are against the rhythm of nature.

Every individual is regarded as a unique part of nature and should be treated in a unique manner even for the same disease according to Ayurveda. Just like our thumb impression, each one of us has a distinct individual constitution that is made up of three biological energies known as doshas. They are vata, pitta and kapha.

Every human being is embraced of these three doshas in different forms with the predominance of any one of these biological energies. Health according to Ayurveda is a perfect balance between these doshas and dosha imbalances cause sickness.

Ayurvedic remedies work in a physical, psychosomatic and spiritual perspective and aim at striking balance between these doshas. Jasmine Grandiflora essential oil is said to treat vitiated vata conditions and pacify pitta and kapha doshas. This oil has bitter, astringent, cool, light and dry properties that act on the reproductive, bone, plasma and nerve tissues through the circulatory, nervous and reproductive channels.

The Ayurvedic health benefits of Jasmine Grandiflora essential oil are:

1. Benefits for the skin:

Jasmine Grandiflora is a skin-friendly essential oil that aids in healing wounds, moistening dry skin, clearing skin impurities, help diminishing scars, reducing acne, treating eczema, dermatitis and encouraging healthy scalp. The antiseptic and moisturizing properties of Jasmine Grandiflora oil assists in killing micro-organisms that cause acne, dermatitis, psoriasis and make the wounds and cuts septic

Gently applying 2 drops of Jasmine oil blended with 1 ml Olive oil helps in balancing the secretion of sebum in the skin, support sensitive skin, and heal inflamed and aggravated skin.

The cicatrisant property of this oil promotes the growth of new cells and shore up cellular regeneration. By this way this aromatic blend helps in diminishing scars, stretch marks, blemishes and marks left by pimples and boils. Adding 1 drop of Jasmine oil to your bathing water is a great idea to nourish and protect your skin health everyday.

A 2010 study on ‘Wound Healing Activity of the Aqueous Alcoholic Extract of Jasminum Grandiflorum Linn Leaves’ by Shanti Bhushan Mishra, Alok Mukerjee, M. Vijayakumar, United Institute of Pharmacy has proved the effectiveness of the extracts of Jasmine leaves in repairing wounds and says “Jasminum grandiflorum leaf extract has a reproducible wound healing potential and thereby justifies its use in folklore medicine in India.”

2. Benefits for the respiratory system:

2 drops of Jasmine Grandiflora oil added to steam inhalation or vaporizer or warm bathing water aids in eliminating excess phlegm and mucus deposits in the lungs, chest and the nasal passages. Being an expectorant, Jasmine essential oil assists in treating cold, cough, sore throat, laryngitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, chest congestion, hoarse throats and nasal congestion.

3. Benefits to feminine problems:

Every woman passes through a number of complex stages in her life cycle and the most important among them are menstrual problems like dysmennorhea, amenorrhea and blocked menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum blues and menopausal syndromes. This is mainly attributed to its affinity to the blood and reproductive tissues that move towards the uterus.

Jasmine Grandiflora essential oil acts as one among the best natural remedies for supporting womanly problems. This oil acts as an effective emmenagogue that helps in relieving dysmennorhea or menstrual pain, promote blocked or delayed menstruation and reduce other discomforts like nausea, fatigue, loss of temper etc, by pacifying the nerves and soothing the system. Blend 2 drops of Jasmine Grandiflora essential oil with 1 ml of sesame oil and massage it on your lower abdomen for immediate relief.

Being a uterine tonic as well as a parturient, Jasmine Grandiflora essential oil augments contractions, promote relaxation and lessen the severity of pain during labor. Massaging the lower abdomen and back with 4 drops of Jasmine oil mixed with 2 ml of Jojoba oil before childbirth can help in passing through a peaceful delivery as well as a painless post-natal recovery.

With its calming, cooling, soothing and anti-depressant properties, Jasmine essential oil can work wonders in treating postpartum depression and marks left behind by pregnancy including stretch marks. You can use it as a massage blend or in your diffuser or bath (2 drops of Jasmine oil) for overcoming post-delivery blues.

4. Benefits to the mind:

Jasmine Grandiflora is marked as an outstanding essential oil for treating depression and other emotional difficulties. With its anti-depressant, tonic, relaxant, sedative and aphrodisiac properties, this essential oil is said to work by generating positive reactions in the human brain through the limbic system, which is in charge for feelings, emotions and behaviors and is known as the control center of the brain.

“The fragrance diminishes fear; it is helpful in enhancing self confidence and defeating pessimism. No other oil is quite as capable of changing our mood so intensely. It offers little choice other than optimism,” says Susanne Fischer-Rizzi about Jasmine essential oil.

3 to 4 drops of Jasmine Grandiflora oil added to warm bath before going to bed can help in alleviating emotional strains, mental depression, fatigue, fear, lack of self confidence and negative feelings. Associated directly to the heart chakra, the caressing aroma of Jasmine oil acts a savior from the defensive feelings of life. It boosts confidence, soothes the nerves, balances feelings, restores positive energy and spreads the magic of selfless love all around.

The soothing and cooling effects of this oil suits enormously well for kapha and pitta based depression. Adding 2 drops of Jasmine oil to burner, diffuser or aromatic candles can help in treating insomnia, dreadful dreams, restlessness and feelings of insecurity.

5. Benefits to the digestive system:

Jasmine Grandiflora essential oil is a tremendous digestive aid that helps in treating flatulence, constipation, stomatitis, ulcers, ulcerative stomatitis and certain other digestive disorders. The ability to treat vitiated pitta helps control the secret of gastric acids and digestive juices in the stomach.

The cooling and wound-healing properties of this oil assist in healing the ulcerous wounds in the lining of the stomach and intestines. Mix 2 drops of Jasmine oil with 1 ml of sesame oil and massage it gently on the stomach and abdomen for stimulating bowel movements and assisting other digestive problems.

A study on the “Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Potential of Leaves of Jasminum Grandiflorum L by the SGSPS Institute of Pharmacy, India have proved that Jasmine leaves have anti-ulcer effect that helps in treating peptic ulcer, wounds, ulcerative stomatitis, corns, ulcers etc. This study also insists on the use of Jasmine leaves in folk medicine for treating various ulcers and similar stomachic conditions.

A 2007 study on “Antiulcer and in vitro antioxidant activities of Jasminum grandiflorum leaves L.” concluded that the leaves of Jasmine Grandiflora plant possess free-radical scavenging abilities and anti-ulcer activities that make it a promising traditional medicine for treating acute gastric ulcer, ulcerative stomatitis and certain other health conditions.

Other health benefits:

Jasminum Grandiflora essential oil is also used in treating leprosy, corns, ottorrhoea, rectal bleeding, uterine problems, urinary infections, paralysis, mental debility, giddiness, cirrhosis, hepatitis and many other health problems.

Disclaimer:

This article is only for the purpose of information and is not directed to diagnose or substitute any prescribed medication or professional medical advice. Never take essential oils internally and always remember to use them in a diluted form as pure and organic essential oils are concentrated liquids and may cause harm if used directly on skin. Keep out of reach of children and be cautious if you are pregnant as Jasmine essential oil has emmenagogue properties that promote menstruation. Consult your Ayurvedic Practitioner before using the suitable essential oils for your unique individual constitution and state of health.

Thought for the day:

Flowers always make people better, happier, and more helpful; they are sunshine, food and medicine for the soul.   -Luther Burbank

Suggested Reading:

  1. Addiction-Free–Naturally: Liberating Yourself from Tobacco, Caffeine, Sugar, Alcohol, Prescription Drugs by Brigitte Mars
  2. The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils: The Complete Guide to the Use of Aromatic Oils In Aromatherapy, Herbalism, Health, and Well Being by Julia Lawless
  3. Holistic Pregnancy and Childbirth by James Marti
  4. ON T LIFE HISTORY OF A REMARKABLE UREDINE OF JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, L. by A. BARCLAY
  5. Jasmines by Harshita Joshi

Reference Links:

  1. Jasminum Grandiflorum by Wikipedia
  2. Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Potential of Leaves of Jasminum Grandiflorum by Mahajan Nilesh, Sanghai Dhirendra, Dr. Sakarkar Dinesh International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science
  3. Jasmine: Its Story in Aromatherapy by Tim Noonan Consulting
  4. Wound Healing Activity of the Aqueous Alcoholic Extract of Jasminum Grandiflorum Linn Leaves by Shanti Bhushan Mishra, Alok Mukerjee, M. Vijayakumar, United Institute of Pharmacy published in Pharmacology Online
  5. Antiulcer and in vitro antioxidant activities of Jasminum grandiflorum leaves L by Umamaheswari M, Asokkumar K, Rathidevi R, Sivashanmugam AT, Subhadradevi V, Ravi TK published in PubMed

Jamarosa Oil

Jamarosa-Banner-newDiscerning lovers of nature will always choose Jamarosa oil instead of 4 different oils to explore the magic of rosy, citrusy, spicy and grassy fragrance put together in a single bottle. Yes! Jamarosa essential oil is the proud owner of these entire diverse aromas, for which it has been used in the perfume industry for ages together.

Scientifically termed as Cymbopogon khasians, Jamarosa is a brilliant hybrid variety crossed between Cymbopogon nardus var. confertiflorus (Citronella) and Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jwarankush).

Often used for instilling rose like fragrances, Jamarosa has also been used in the field of Ayurvedic medicine for treating fever, insect bites, blood impurities, fungal infections, vomiting and skin problems.

Purchase Jamarosa Essential Oil – Retail – 4 oz – CLICK HERE

Historical significance and cultivation of Jamarosa:

Also called as Jamrosa, this aromatic herb is a popular grass hybrid and a renowned wing of the Cymbopogon family. Like most of the celebrated herbs, Jamarosa is also indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and is grown extensively in Southern India and certain other states including Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra.

Being a hardy and tough grass variety, Jamarosa grows well in various types of soils supported by humid and warm climatic conditions and enough sunshine and water. This grass hybrid is characterized with its light yellowish color and this hybrid variety is generally a medium sized one. Jamarosa grasses have the potential to purify environmental toxic waste, renew the level of ground water and check soil erosion.

The most exotic fragrance and medicinal attributes of this grass variety comes from its parental hybrids, Cymbopogon jwarancusa and Cymbopogon nardus var. confertiflorus. Among these, Jwarancusa is an interesting species and its name is extracted from two Sanskrit terms, “Jwar and Ankusha”, which means “fever and breaker” respectively. Just like its name, this herb is a trusted remedy for treating fever and blood impurities.

Cymbopogon jwarancusa has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that are contributed to its bio-chemical components. Many researchers have proved the effectiveness of this Ayurvedic herb in the treatment of blood disorders, vomiting, skin problems, unconsciousness and abdominal tumors.

The next parental hybrid of Jamarosa plant is Cymbopogon nardus var. confertiflorus, which is commonly called as Citronella. This fresh lemony and sweet-smelling grass variety is a natural air purifier and an established insect repellant. Being a blend of these two beneficial plant varieties, Jamarosa is also said to inherit the medicinal and therapeutic values from its parental hybrids.

The enriching aroma of this grass hybrid has made its use vital in the perfumery industry especially for creating rose like fragrances. The sturdy grass fibers are used in the making of statues and idols having splash of Paris. Jamarosa grass is also been supplied as raw materials for industries that use fibers. It is also used as a feed for cattle and as natural manure.

Jamarosa is a popular ingredient in the making of agarbatti or traditional incense sticks, raw agarbatti and organic insect repellants.

Therapeutic uses and chemical constituents of Jamarosa oil:

The essential oil of Jamarosa has bactericidal, antiseptic, febrifuge, sedative, relaxant, antimicrobial, digestive and stimulant. The primary chemical components of Jamarosa oil are geraniol (75%), geranyl acetate (20%) and limonene.

Ayurvedic health benefits of Jamarosa essential oil:

Ayurveda is undoubtedly the pioneer of the medicinal world, and is lovingly beckoned as the Mother of all healing systems on earth. Being a 5000 years old healthcare methodology, Ayurveda focuses on natural remedies for curing illnesses, prevention of diseases and longevity.

Ayurvedic medicine was known to be gifted by Lord Brahma, the Lord of Creation to Acharya Dhanvantari, famously called as the God of medicine of Ayurveda and as the physician of Gods. Among the 4 sacred books (Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvaveda) or Vedas of the ancient Hindu mythology, Ayurveda is a vital part of Atharvaveda.

The idealistic practices of Ayurveda rests on Mother Nature for treatment of mankind as it is raised on the trust that everything on earth is a part of Nature and the wellness and illness of a person is strongly determined with his/her balance with Nature.

The principles of the mythological saints and Vedic entities strongly state that the entire universe is made up of five fundamental elements of nature, namely space, earth, water, fire and air.

Mankind is also made of these vital elements, where earth represents the muscles and bones, water represents the blood and other vital fluids, fire represents the metabolic force and body temperature, air represents the breathing mechanism and space is the soul or life energy that keeps a person alive.

Based on these fundamental elements, Ayurveda classifies human beings as a representation of the biological energies known as doshas, namely vata, pitta and kapha. Vata is a combination of space and air, pitta is fire and water and kapha is water and earth.

Every person has a unique individual constitution or Prakriti with a combination of all the three doshas in a particular order based upon Nature’s law with a predominance of any one of these doshas. This predominance assists in determining the character, personality, traits and behavioral patterns of a person.

Absolute balance between these doshas as per their natural setup indicates heartiness and doshic imbalances due to lifestyle changes, irregular food habits, climatic variations and other disruptive behavior leads to illnesses.

Ayurvedic treatment begins with the tracing of the unique individual constitution and the treatment methodologies also differ from individual to individual even for the same sickness. This is because Ayurveda strongly believes that individual is unique and the means of treating their health condition should also be unique.

The major Ayurvedic therapies include herbs, Ayurvedic essential oils, yoga, Pranayama (the art of balanced breathing), simple physical exercises, meditation, Panchakarma or the detoxification techniques, Abhyanga or Ayurvedic massaging, taking up an Ayurvedic routine and much more.

The essential oil of Jamarosa is known to appease vata, pitta and kapha imbalances. Come let’s go through the Ayurvedic health benefits of Jamarosa essential oil in a jiffy.

I’m ready to take you through the effective uses of Jamarosa oil in detail. Are you ready for the retreat?!

Jamarosa-broucher1. Pampers the skin and placates skin disorders:

Few sources state that Jamarosa has similar medicinal benefits like its sibling grass variety, Palmarosa. The book ‘Ayurveda and Aromatherapy’ by Light Miller and Bryan Miller quote Cymbopogon martinii (Palmarosa) as “Palmarosa is widely used in Ayurvedic skin care. It is good for all skin types because it is a cellular stimulator and supports all cell regulation. It’s highly antiseptic, calming, uplifting and anti-depressive.”

Jamarosa essential oil also has bactericidal, antiseptic, stimulating and invigorating properties that aids in assisting cellular regulation and repairing of the damaged skin cells. The antiseptic value of this oil helps in combating germs and infectious micro-organisms like bacteria that inflates skin problems.

A blend of 2 drops of Jamarosa oil with 2 drops of Palmarosa oil and 2 ml of Jojoba oil can work like a wonder on your skin. Applying this nourishing blend on your skin can help in restoring the natural sustenance of the damaged skin cells, eliminating the dead cells and in promoting the growth of new and healthy cells.

Applying it in slow circular movements on wrinkles and scars can support in invigorating the skin, retaining the skin suppleness, enhancing the collagen and helping in diminishing scars, marks and wrinkles, treat fungal infections with its antioxidant, antifungal and anti-bacterial properties.

The great news is that Jamarosa oil suits all types of skin and is perfect for use during all seasons of the year. It is also helpful in the treatment of scar tissues in wounds, dermatitis and other skin infections.

2. Calms the nerves and beats the ill-effects of stress:

The essential oil of Jamarosa has a pleasant, engaging, refreshing and energizing aroma that stimulates the nerves, calms the mind and inculcates positive effects in the limbic system, the control center of the brain that is responsible for passing on commands to the system on feelings, thoughts and behavioral responses.

Stress is the slow poison that hinders the normal functions of the body and leaves a blank effect on the mental abilities. The main reason for stress is suppressing the mind with too many things at a particular time. When the mind struggles or suffers in tackling with too many factors than its ability, mental stress or distortion occurs.

Stressful situations spoil the entire curriculum and results in mood-fluctuations of the entire environment around us. It also ends up in depression and deep ill-effects on the central nervous system. Fatigue, anger, anxiety, fear, memory problems, feelings of loneliness, lack of appetite, low productivity, insomnia and suppression are certain other ill-effects of stress and nervous tension.

Jamarosa essential oil has stimulating, relaxant and sedative effects that supports the functions of the limbic system and aids in promoting positive feelings. Massaging your system with 5 drops of Jamarosa oil along with 5 drops of Rose Geranium oil, 5 drops of Juniper Berry oil with 100 ml of coconut oil can uplift your senses, pacify your nerves, soothe tensed muscles and support in bringing absolute tranquility.

You can also add 2 drops of Jamarosa oil in your diffuser or air freshener or bathing water every day for an energetic start on every rising day. 1 drop of this oil added to your hankie or a tissue can recharge your mental power on any given time during the day.

3. Aromatic insect repellant:

Being an offspring of the most popular natural insect repellant, Citronella, Jamarosa also inherits the power of combating harmful insects like mosquitoes and bed bugs. 2 drops of Jamarosa oil with 2 drops of Citronella oil along with 2 ml of  olive oil can be rubbed into your skin to protect you from insect bites. This blend can also help in treating the ill-effects of insect bites like rashes, itching and allergies.

Adding 2 drops of this oil in your burner, vaporizer or diffuser is also a great idea to safeguard your loved ones from mosquitoes and other insect bites.

4. Appeases the digestive system:

Jamarosa oil has digestive, stimulant and relaxant properties. This helps in promoting trouble-free digestion, calming upset stomach, appeasing the irritable bowel along with stomach lining and treating indigestion.

Adding 1 drop of Jamarosa oil to your hankie or a tissue paper can help in enhancing the appetite and assisting in soothing the lining of the stomach and intestines. You can also massage your abdomen with 2 drops of Jamarosa oil mixed with 2 drops of Rose Geranium oil and 2 ml of sesame oil for supporting your digestive difficulties.

5. Fights anxiety and promotes peaceful sleep:

The essential oil of Jamarosa has a slightly rosy and fruity aroma that instills uplifting and calmative effects on the nervous system. These attributes helps the body in fighting against insomnia, anxiety and fatigue.

2 drops of Jamarosa oil mixed with 1 drop of Palmarosa oil in your diffuser or air freshener can be an excellent aid in promoting peaceful sleep by relaxing your nerves, tranquilizing your mind, and in reducing anxiety, restlessness and worries. What next? A refreshing start to a promising day is guaranteed.

6. Reduces fever and helps relieve respiratory infections:

As mentioned earlier, Cymbopogon jwarancusa is one of the mother hybrids of Jamarosa oil, where the term ‘jwarancusa’ is taken from the two Sanskrit terms, “Jwar and Ankusha”, literally meaning “fever and breaker”.

Jamarosa essential oil also extorts this property from its parental hybrid and is used in curing fever, cold, microbial infections, blood impurities and certain other respiratory disorders with its anti-microbial and antioxidant properties.

Generally, common cold and few other respiratory infections are highly vulnerable. Using Jamarosa oil in your bathing water daily (preferably 2 drops) can assist in controlling the spread of such infections by combating the growth of microbes responsible for health conditions like fever and cold.

You can also use 2 drops of Jamarosa oil in steam inhalation for relieving from blocked nasal passages and sore throat. Massaging your foot soles with 2 drops of Jamarosa oil with 2 drops of Gingergrass oil mixed with 3 ml of coconut oil can aid in reducing fever.

Disclaimer:

This article is only for educational uses and is not suggested for diagnosis or for replacing any expert medical advice or prescription medicines. We are not healthcare professionals and this information is circulated only with the idea of sharing the ancient healing wisdom of Ayurvedic medicine, the mother of all remedial practices.

Never take essential oils internally and is only recommended for dermatological purposes. This is because pure and organic essential oils are extremely concentrated substances and may cause allergies or other negative effects, when used on the skin directly.

Consult with your healthcare expert or Ayurvedic professional before choosing the suitable essential oils for your health condition and dosha type or your unique individual constitution. Keep away from children and care should be taken if you are nursing or a pregnant mom.

Thought for the day:

Bare feet on the grass comfort the spirit and connect the body to the earth all at once!  – Maximillian Degenerez

Suggested Reading:

  1. Essential Oil-Bearing Grasses: The genus Cymbopogon (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles) from CRC Press
  2. Cymbopogon; The Aromatic Grass – Monograph from Central Institute of Medicinal and Aroma
  3. Aromatherapy for Health Professionals, 4e (Price, Aromatherapy for Health Professionals)by Shirley Price Cert Ed FISPA MIFA FIAM, Len Price Cert Ed MIT (Trichology) FISPA FIAM
  4. Insect Repellents Handbook, Second Edition from CRC Press

Reference Links:

  1. Oil of Jamarosa – Specification published by the Bureau of Indian Standards
  2. Jamarosa by Agricultural Products India
  3. Antifungal, anti-aflatoxigenic, and antioxidant efficacy of Jamrosa essential oil for preservation of herbal raw materials by Prashant Kumar Mishra, Ravindra Shukla, Priyanka Singh, Bhanu Prakash, Akash Kedia, Nawal Kishore Dubey published in International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation