Cinnamon Oil

Cinnomon-banner“Cinnamon is empowering to the will and is one of the best oils for circulation especially during menopause”, says Light Miller in her book Ayurveda and Aromatherapy. This oil also enhances blood circulation, supports the functions of the heart, augments sexual function, improves digestion, boosts sexual desire and controls diabetes.

The essential oil of Cinnamon is obtained from the dried inner bark of the Cinnamon tree, scientifically known as Cinnamomum zeylanicum (now called as Cinnamomum verum) by steam distillation method.

Cinnamon is a symbol of sovereignty and respect and was a prestigious gift to Gods and Monarchs in the history. Called as Darusita or Tvak in Ayurveda, Cinnamon has a long history in Ayurvedic medicine for treating malaria, diabetes, menopausal problems, headache, bad breath, digestive disorders, impotence, anemia, sinus congestion, dyspepsia, blood circulation, scabies, intestinal infections and gynecological problems (used even as a natural birth-control aid).

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Historical uses and importance of Cinnamon herb and its essential oil:

Cinnamon is a small bushy evergreen tree that is indigenous to South Asia, especially to Sri Lanka and India. It is credited as one of the three oldest herb known to the ancient world along with Myrrh and Frankincense. The oldest historical reference of Cinnamon is its description found in the ancient Jewish religious text Torah.

Biblical texts talk about Cinnamon and its esteemed uses in various places and the most noted among them is the command to Moses to make use of cinnamon and cassia in the holy anointing oil.

Solomon describes the charm of his love by saying that her garments scented with cinnamon are like the smell of Lebanon. In various proverbs it’s been mentioned that the bed of the lovers is adorned with the aroma of cinnamon, aloes and myrrh.

The primordial Indians used Cinnamon as a condiment and in Ayurvedic healing before 8th century and the traditional Chinese physicians used Cinnamon as early as 2700 B.C.

It was also imported to Egypt in 2000 B.C. Pliny the Elder, Dioscorides, Galen and many other renowned herbalists have documented the therapeutic uses of Cinnamon.

Cinnamon was held high in the ancient period and was valued more than 15 times of silver (about 350 grams of Cinnamon was equivalent to that of 5 kgs of Silver in the 1st Century). The traditional Egyptians used Cinnamon and its essential oil in embalming dead bodies and in preserving meat. Ayurvedic system used Cinnamon for controlling the blood sugar level and for assisting digestive disorders. Its essential oil was used in pacifying the nerves and muscles.

The Traditional Chinese Medicine used this herb as an aid in treating painful and delayed menstruation, diarrhea, cold, cough and other respiratory problems.

Cinnamon was burnt as an offering in religious ceremonies and also for sanctifying the atmosphere. It was used by the primeval Romans attaining the healing powers for spiritual wellness.

Chemical constituents or Gas Chromatography Report (GC) of Cinnamon oil:

The Gas chromatography report witnesses Cinnamon oil with about 15 chemical constituents that contribute to its distinct aroma, remedial values, consistency and superiority of this splendid oil. Among which, (E)-Cinnamaldehyde has the highest area with a proportion of about 76.8% of Cinnamon oil components.

Just click on:

(E)-Cinnamaldehyde

Eugenol

Cinnamyl acetate

Alpha-pinene

Linalool

Alfa-copaene

Beta-caryophyllene

I certainly trust that this information would help in having a clear picture about the major chemical constituents of Cinnamon oil.

The table crafted below elucidates the unique nature and therapeutic attributes of these biochemical constituents to the medicinal magnificence of Cinnamon essential oil.

cinnamon-tableTherapeutic properties of Cinnamon essential oil:

The remedial properties of Cinnamon essential oil are antioxidant, astringent, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-clotting, anti-fungal, cardiac, emmenagogue, stimulant, analgesic, antibiotic, vermifuge, tonic, aphrodisiac, stomachic, diaphoretic, diuretic, anti-parasitic, alterative, expectorant, antispasmodic and carminative.

Ayurvedic health benefits of Cinnamon essential oil:

Ayurveda is the oldest healing systems on earth that focuses on a holistic approach for healing, preventing and ensuring longevity for humanity. By the word holistic, Ayurvedic remedies aim at granting complete health including the physical, mental and spiritual health.

This is because, this traditional Indian methodology strongly believes that these three aspects of health are inter-related and the weakness of any of these aspects will directly or indirectly affect the other two.

This is explained in the Sutrasthana of Charaka Samhita, the oldest Ayurvedic encyclopedia as The three – body, psyche, and soul – act as a tripod. The world stands upon them, and within them, the world abides.” Ayurveda is an absolute common sense science that stimulates proper functioning of the system, peaceful sleep, emotional tranquility, spiritual oneness and takes you a brand new world of energy and enrichment.

The exclusivity of Ayurveda lies in its individual attention for every person even if a group of 10 people are affected by the same illness.

The typical ‘one size fits all’ principle of the modern medical system never holds good for a natural healing technique like Ayurveda. Here every individual is considered as a unique part of nature, made up with the five elemental forces of nature. They are fire, earth, water, space and air.

These five elements represent themselves in the form of three biological energies known as doshas, namely vata, pitta and kapha. These 3 doshas join together to form an individual constitution, which makes every person unique with a specified set of physical, mental and spiritual attributes.

Vata is a combination of air and space and is in charge of respiratory functions, nervous system and the process of circulation. Pitta stands for fire and water and is responsible for body temperature and the process of metabolism. Earth and water put together forms kapha dosha and is accountable for structure of the body, functions of the fluids in the system and sustenance.

Every individual has a unique combination of these doshas. Balance between these doshas indicates healthiness and imbalance due to lifestyle, food habits and other environmental factors lead to doshic imbalances causing illnesses.

Ayurveda recommends the use of natural remedies like herbs, yoga, essential oils, meditation, Ayurvedic routine, prayers and other Ayurvedic therapies according to the individual constitution of a person, so as to correct the imperfect balance of doshas.

Cinnamon essential oil is a perfect Ayurvedic essential oil to treat the surplus of vata and kapha doshas and the deficit of pitta dosha.

This makes Cinnamon oil a prime choice in treating digestive problems as it’s known to enhance the ‘agni or fire’ in the system that is responsible for metabolic functions.

It’s time to have a look at the Ayurvedic health benefits of Cinnamon essential oil.

Cinnoman-broucher1. Boon to diabetics:

In an Ayurvedic perspective, diabetes is a disarray of kapha unevenness occurred due to weakened digestive fire. Cinnamon is a nature’s wonder herb for treating increased kapha dosha and enhance the flow of pitta energy. This is mainly because of its warming properties that help in encouraging Agni or the digestive fire that supports the balanced functioning of the digestive system.

Cinnamon is habitually prescribed for people with kapha dosha predominance and these people generally hold a wet, cold, heavy and slow mechanism of the body.

By this way, using Cinnamon essential oil either in a massage blend or in inhalation along with an Ayurvedic diet and Ayurvedic routine that includes healthy lifestyle changes, meditation, prayers, yoga and other simple physical exercises for controlling the blood glucose levels of the system, thus having a check on diabetes.

Cinnamon has been recommended by the American Diabetes Association in 2006 for controlling diabetes. Dr. Fuhrman quotes few important research works on diabetes including the study on ‘Complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes’ and states that “The bark of Cinnamomum trees contains phytochemicals that enhance insulin signaling and facilitate glucose uptake and storage by the body’s cells.”

A 2003 study on Cinnamon for diabetes established that taking Cinnamon supplements regularly for 40 days decreased blood sugar and level of cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients.

Massaging your body with 10 drops of Cinnamon essential oil blended with 5 to 7 ml sesame oil can help in regulating the blood sugar level with its pungent aroma and heating energy. The therapeutic properties of this oil enters the blood stream by penetrating through the skin cells and act directly on the cellular structure. It also aids in controlling the digestion of sugar and fatty substances, which helps in providing resistance of insulin in Type 2 diabetes.

A 2012 research on “Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) on blood glucose and lipids in a diabetic and healthy rat model” by the Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka published in PubMed concluded that “Cinnamomum zeylanicum lowered blood glucose, reduced food intake, and reduced atherogenic LDL cholesterol.”

2. Nature’s most appealing aphrodisiac:

Cinnamon holds the honor of elating the senses of mankind for numerous centuries with its sweet, mesmerizing and rich aroma. In his book ‘Dangerous Tastes’, author Andrew Dalby quotes Cinnamon as “an aroma of divine worship and of sensual luxury.”

The warming, stimulating and aphrodisiac properties in Cinnamon help in increasing the body temperature and helps in arousing strong sexual desire in men and women.

Massaging your lower abdomen, genital parts and thighs with 5 drops of Cinnamon oil mixed with 2.5 ml virgin olive oil can help in improving sensual feelings, augmenting libido in both male and female, treat impotency and erectile dysfunction.

Inhaling the healing aroma of Cinnamon oil by adding 2 drops to your burner, vaporizer or diffuser along with this massaging can act as a great aid in strengthening the uterus muscles, relieving menstrual pain, regularizing blocked menstruation, washing out uterine congestion, and inducing labor pain.

This is due to the tendency of Cinnamon to stimulate the secretion of Oxytocin hormones responsible for increasing uterine contractions and enhancing the production of breast milk.

3. Aromatic treat to treat your digestive problems:

Cinnamon has an euphoric aroma that increases the secretion of digestive acids and gastric juices by enhancing agni or the digestive fire.

The slightly bitter and pungent taste of Cinnamon along with its hot potency aids in processing ama or the undigested toxic substances, reducing heaviness of the stomach, treating sluggish bowel movements and alleviating abdominal pain.

Inhaling the energizing aroma of Cinnamon oil by adding 2 to 3 drops of this oil in burner, vaporizer or your hanky along with a warming massage of your abdomen with 4 drops of Cinnamon oil blended with 2 ml of coconut oil can assist in treating colic, slow digestion, nausea, dyspepsia and diarrhea.

4. Relieves respiratory infections:

Ayurveda describes most of the respiratory disorders as kapha imbalance. This excess kapha stockpiles in the respiratory passages in the form of mucous and phlegm deposits and cause hindrance in the free movement of air to the lungs and nasal passages. This is why many or all of the respiratory illnesses are accompanied by breathing difficulties.

Cinnamon essential oil has kapha-reducing properties with its bitter, hot, pungent and penetrating qualities. The expectorant, decongestant and demulcent properties of this oil help in loosening the thick phlegm and mucous secretion in the nasal passages and the respiratory tract. The anti-tubercular activity of cinnamic acid present in Cinnamon oil also helps in treating tuberculosis, chronic cough and asthma.

Adding 3 drops of Cinnamon oil in steam inhalation can be extremely helpful in warming up the lungs, liquefying nasal and chest congestion and eliminating phlegm and mucous in the bronchial passages. 2 drops of this oil added to vaporub and massaged gently on the throat, chest and back can also assist in relieving stuffy nose, watery eyes, nasal congestion, headache and cough.

5. Helps release anger and dependence:

The sweet smelling oil of Cinnamon has been found to boost memory power and cognitive functioning abilities of the mind. Many Ayurvedic schools have recommended Cinnamon for enhancing memory skills.

Cinnamon essential oil empowers the willpower and purifies the spirit. This aids in treating mental fatigue, anger, tension, anxiety, depression and other negative feelings. This oil affects the Solar plexus chakra, which connects our personal fire with that of the world revolving around us.

Fears of criticism, rejection and lack of self-confidence affect the functioning of this chakra. Using 2 drops of Cinnamon oil in bath or in diffuser or vaporizer can help in increasing one’s feelings of independence and promotes one to take risks with confidence and power.

6. Clears blood impurities and promotes blood circulation:

Cinnamon essential oil has blood purifying properties that are attributed to its stimulant and cleansing remedial values. It helps in eliminating the toxic substances in the blood through urine and sweat.

2 drops of Cinnamon oil added to diffuser during Pranayama, the technique of balanced breathing followed by a meditation can help in discarding the toxins in the blood through exhalation, enhancing Ojas or the vital energy for longevity, stimulating the cardiac functions and granting mental peace and improved blood circulation especially to the six chakras in the body.

7. Checks the effects of fungal and bacterial infections:

The essential oil of Cinnamon is an effective immune system booster by nature. It also has antibacterial, anti-fungal and antiviral properties that curb the growth of disastrous micro-organisms in the system. Mixing 2 drops of Cinnamon oil with 1 ml of almond oil and applying it on the affected parts can help in healing wounds, burns, cuts, candida, boils, itches, athlete’s foot, and ringworm and prevents the wound from turning septic.

According to a 2006 study by the Saurashtra University, India, Cinnamon essential oil extracted from the bark of the Cinnamon tree got attained 42.5 out of 50 for its anti-fungal activity, whereas Hexaconazole, a popular fungicide often used in agriculture scored only 22.5 for 50. This witnesses the effectiveness of Cinnamon oil in treating fungal infections like ringworm, athlete’s foot etc.

Another study published in the International Journal of Food Microbiology proved that Cinnamon oil killed about 92% of gram negative and gram positive bacteria out of the 25 tested bacterial strains. Another source states that Cinnamon used in a blend with Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Clove and Lemon has the potent to kill about 99% of airborne bacteria in just 12 minutes.

Also used in:

Apart from all these health benefits, Cinnamon oil is used as a flavor in baked products, candies, desserts, soups, pickles, stews, beverages, meat and poultry etc. It is also used in skin care creams and lotions for enhancing the skin complexion and removing impurities and skin blemishes.

Thought for the day:

In wilderness I sense the miracle of life, and behind it our scientific accomplishments fade to trivia.  -Charles Lindbergh

Disclaimer:

This article is only for informational and educational purposes and is written purely in the interest of sharing the traditional wisdom of the Ayurveda, the oldest of all healing sciences. It is not meant to treat, prevent or diagnose any health conditions or replace any kind of prescribed medicines or expert advice or a medical professional.

Never use essential oils internally. Do remember to dilute essential oils in appropriate carrier oils before using it on the skin externally as pure and organic essential oils are the life essence of plants and are highly concentrated substances. Consult your Ayurvedic expert/healthcare professional before choosing the appropriate essential oils for your unique constitution and health condition. Keep away from children, pregnant women and nursing moms.

The MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) of Cinnamon oil is readily available for your enhanced safety and better usage.

Gas Chromatography Report (GC analysis) of Cinnamon oil.

Cinnamon Essential Oil – Possible Skin Issues:

cinnamon-oil-logoGreener Life Diamond – Bio-Healthy Score => 3 – Possible Skin Issues:

See => http://www.essentialdepot.com/GreenerLifeDiamond.html

Besides being an indispensable spice and herbal remedy, Cinnamon is reported for negative effects including possible skin issues like allergic reactions, irritation of the skin, stimulating menstruation, contracting the uterine muscles, skin sensitization, dermatitis and burning sensation.

It is highly advisable to avoid Cinnamon oil during pregnancy as it may shrivel the uterine muscles, cause indigestion, pain in the abdomen, contribute to premature labor and is completely unsafe for the development of the fetus.

The major chemical components that are in charge for the potential skin problems and other adverse health conditions of Cinnamon oil are Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and cinnamyl alcohol. It may cause a burning sensation or irritation on the engaged parts when used in the form of skin care, oral hygiene (toothpastes and mouthwashes) and pain relieving products including ointments and rubs.

Cinnamon oil, with the presence of these constituents is said to cause subchronic and severe toxicity, when used beyond the prescribed level of use. The maximum recommended usage level of Cinnamaldehyde by The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) is 0.05%.

Though Cinnamon has GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) status, The Council of Europe has fixed an ADI of 1.25mg/kg for Cinnamaldehyde, which is the same as an adult dosage of 115 mg of Cinnamon bark oil.

According to the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products (SCCNFP) the presence of Cinnamaldehyde in any ready to use products should not surpass 0.1%

Essential oils are recommended only for dermal application and never ingest Cinnamon oil as it may cause toxic effects on the liver (hepatotoxic), kidney (nephrotoxicity) and the entire system. Diluted Cinnamon oil in appropriate carrier oils is prescribed safe and concentrated use may cause chronic allergies, irritation, dermatitis and chronic sensitization.

Studies witness severe burns in people due to the skin contact of undiluted Cinnamon oil and is commonly related to burning sensation in the skin, mouth, mucous membrane stomach and chest , intermittent blistering, nausea, dizziness and sensitization accounted to the presence of Cinnamaldehyde. This also applies to the use of Cinnamon oil in vapor therapy and dermal application.

Cinnamon oil is said to have mild phototoxic effects, control platelet aggregation (Do not use Cinnamon oil if you are taking anticoagulant and anti-diabetic medications). It may cause reproductive toxicity (when tested on pregnant mice, it decreased the count of nuclei and modified the embryo distribution).

Always do a patch test before using Cinnamon oil on your skin.

Reference Links Substantiating Possible Skin Issues of Cinnamon Oil:

  1. Cinnamon: An Imperative Spice For Human Comfort by Raaz K Maheshwari, AK Chauhan, Ayushi Gupta, Shobha Sharma published in The International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Bio-Science
  2. Cinnamon: Mystic Powers of a Minute Ingredient by Pallavi Kawatra and Rathai Rajagopalan, published in the Journal of Pharmacognosy Research
  3. Medicinal Properties of ‘True’ Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylancium): A Systematic Review by The Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, published in Bio Med Central, Complementary and Alternative Medicine
  4. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid when used as fragrance ingredients by The RIFM expert panel, published in the Food and Chemical Toxicology
  5. Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals By Robert Tisserand, Rodney Young
  6. Leung’s Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients, used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics by Ikhlas A. Khan and Ehab A. Abourashed.

Suggested Reading:

  1. The Cinnamon Supplement: Alternative Medicine for a Healthy Body (Health Collection) by William Wagner
  2. Natural Cinnamon And Honey Cures: Cinnamon Health Benefits, Cures, Remedies, Treatments and Recipes. Boost Energy, Control Diabetes, Cure Arthritis, Prevent Alzheimer’s, Colds, even Weight Loss! by Patricia Gardner
  3. Cinnamon Oil Aromatherapy (Group 3 Card 9) by Alternative Therapies
  4. God’s Healing Herbs by Dennis Ellingson
  5. Ayurveda & Aromatherapy: The Earth Essential Guide to Ancient Wisdom and Modern Healing by Dr. Light Miller, Dr. Bryan Miller

Reference Links:

  1. Cinnamon by Wikipedia
  2. Choosing the right Cinnamon by Dr. Fuhrman
  3. Cinnamon plant profile by Sacred Earth (Ethnobotany and Ecotravel)
  4. Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) on blood glucose and lipids in a diabetic and healthy rat model by Priyanga Ranasinghe, Sanja Perera, Mangala Gunatilake,1 Eranga Abeywardene, Nuwan Gunapala, Sirimal Premakumara,Kamal Perera, Dilani Lokuhetty,and Prasad Katulanda, Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
  5. Medicinal properties of ‘true’ cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum): a systematic review by Department of Pharmacology, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka


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Sweet Almond Oil

Sweet-almond-oil-bannerHere’s that jaw-dropping news for all those Almond lovers out there! Almond has been witnessed by various studies for its enormous healing benefits of being a heart-healthy nut, cancer-preventive or antioxidant snack, scrumptious weight-loss bite, and a mighty little powerhouse of proteins, vitamins and minerals.

What more favorable reasons do you need to escape from eating your favorite Almonds or to drench in an enlivening Almond oil massage, the next time? In a much simpler verse, Almond is a one-stop nut for acquiring mammoth remedial attributes.

Badam is the beloved name for Almond in Ayurveda and is lovingly beckoned as the ‘Miracle Nut and the King of Nuts’ in Ayurvedic healing for its sattvic (“pure, essential, natural, vital, energy-containing, clean, conscious, true, honest, wise.”) values.

Almond and its nourishing oil has been prescribed in Ayurvedic medication for treating loss of memory, frigidity, premature ejaculation, mood fluctuations, Alzheimer’s disease, psoriasis, dark complexion, debility, muscular pain and dry skin conditions.

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Chemical constituents and therapeutic properties of Sweet Almond Oil:

The major chemical components of Sweet Almond oil are 62 per cent of monounsaturated oleic acid; it’s an omega-9 fatty acid, 29 per cent of linoleic acid; it’s a polyunsaturated omega-6 essential fatty acid and 9 per cent of saturated fatty acid.

It also constitutes of phytosterols like beta-sitosterol, campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol and sitostanol (All these components share a unique attribute of reducing cholesterol.).

Almonds are also rich in calcium, zinc, manganese, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, vitamin E (skin and hair beneficial vitamin), B vitamins including niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, folate, vitamin B6 and choline.

The most promising remedial properties of Sweet Almond oil are emollient, aphrodisiac, antioxidant, rejuvenative, antispasmodic, demulcent, laxative, tonic for the bones, brain, blood, skin and muscles, sedative and nutritive.

Historical significance and uses of Sweet Almond Oil:

Almond is indigenous to the Mediterranean province of the Middle East, North Africa and West Asia and is a wing of the plum family, Rosaceae. Scientifically called as Prunus amygdalus, Almond is also known with other botanical names including Amygdalus communis, Prunus dulcis and Amygdalus dulcis.

Hopf and Zohary trust that Almonds were one of the earliest cultivated fruit trees owing to “the ability of the grower to raise attractive almonds from seed. Thus, in spite of the fact that this plant does not lend itself to propagation from suckers or from cuttings, it could have been domesticated even before the introduction of grafting”.

Certain other sources state that Almonds were found in the Early Bronze Age (3000 to 2000 BC), like the archaeological sites of Jordan or Numeria.

The name Almond is extracted from the French word alemande or almande and also from the Greek word amydala, meaning an almond. The most interesting fact is that the ‘part of the brain – amygdala’ is also extracted from the same word.

Amygdala’ is a part of the limbic system of the brain including humans and numerous studies witness the key role of amygdala in the function of decision-making, memory and emotions. Anomalous working of amygdala paves way to depression, phobias, anxiety, post-traumatic disorders, autism and neurotransmitter imbalances.

The awesome news is that the Almond nuts and Almond oil assist in enhancing the functions of the almond-shaped amydala of the brain, supporting in overcoming depression, phobias, anxiety and in strengthening the emotional and psychosomatic functions.

It is mainly for this reason, Almond is called as the ‘King of Nuts’ and was among the royal food given to the Kings and other dignitaries in Supreme power to augment their decision-making potential.

The innermost seed of the Almond fruit is the delicious and yummy almond nuts that we taste. Numerous medieval and primordial books on medicine talk about the significance of Almonds and its oil in treating various health conditions and enhancing the body’s natural immunity.

Many herbalists of various ages have talked about the use of Almond oil. Dioscorides, the celebrated author of Materia Medica enlists natural ointment recipes with the use of almond oil.

John Gerard recommends the topical application of almond oil in the treatment of colic and body pain. Nicholas Culpeper prescribes almond oil as an excellent natural aid for alleviating stress and enhancing cognitive functions, when massaged on the temples and forehead.

Being a nutritionally intense food variety with enormous nutrients, almonds are used in various culinary items across the globe. The most popular among them are almond milk, almond syrup, almond flour, almond-rich Mughlai curries, almond macaroons, soumada, amygdalota, Amlou (popular spread with a blend of almond nut paste, honey and Argan oil), sherbet-e-badaam and much more.

Almond oil is a trusted secret ingredient of numerous celebrated massage therapists across the globe as an excellent emollient for lubricating the skin and enhancing the natural skin texture.

Ayurvedic health benefits of Sweet Almond Oil:

With its oily, heavy and mild hot potency, Badam or Almond oil is known for pacifying vata and pitta doshas and for aggravating kapha dosha.

Ayurveda states that Almond and its oil have the potent to moisturize and nourish the skin along with the micro-circulatory channels. Almond is among the few Ayurvedic remedies for augmenting the functions of all the seven dhatus (tissues).

It enhances the functions of the reproductive tissues known as Shukra dhatu, thus assisting in the treatment of impotence, premature ejaculation, loss of libido and frigidity. Almond is an Ojas nut for its potent to increase the vitality of the system in a comprehensive manner.

Ayurvedic texts denote that Almonds are effective in fostering the functions of the muscles, bones, plasma and the reproductive system.

Beckoned as a tonic for the brain, blood, skin, bone, muscle and the body, Almonds have been used in Ayurvedic medications for augmenting virility, building muscular power, increasing immunity, building semen and for enhancing cognitive functions.

Being a divine healing science, Ayurveda considers human body as a temple and the Supreme Power dwelling in it is the soul. It further explains that the eventual accomplishment of the purpose of everyone’s life solely relies on the strength and clearness of the soul.

Ayurveda is a holistic healing system that says that complete health is a combination of the wellness of the mind, body and soul.

Thus Ayurvedic philosophy describes remedies, healthy routine practices and disciplinary values for retaining the body, mind and the spirit in absolute pureness for attaining healthy aging and longevity.

Your first Ayurvedic consultation aims at identifying your doshas or the dynamic biological energies, namely vata (air + space), pitta (fire + water) and kapha (earth + water). All these three doshas are a combination of the five fundamental elements of nature (water, earth, fire, air and ether), with which the entire universe is made up of.

The presence of these five elements in our human body is as follows: earth signifies muscles, cartilages and bones; water represents blood and other fluid substances in the system; air helps in respiration; fire is the heat energy inspiring numerous functions of the body (digestion, body temperature etc), and ether or space is the portrayal of the soul.

Every person has a predominance of any one dosha, which establishes the physique, character, attributes and behavioral patterns.

Absolute balance between doshas as per the law of nature is a symbol of strength and doshic imbalances due to changes in weather conditions, food habits, irregular lifestyle practices and morally wrong habits might lead to sickness.

Ayurveda respects and appreciates individual differences. With this noble thought, every person is treated in a unique manner in Ayurveda as per their Prakriti (unique individual constitution or doshas) and Vikruti (current health condition).

Herbal medications, Ayurvedic essential oils, yogic practices, prayers, simple physical exercises, meditation, Panchakarma (detoxification techniques in Ayurveda), Pranayama (the art of balanced breathing), Abhyanga or Ayurvedic massaging technique, and Dinacharya or Ayurvedic routine are the prime Ayurvedic remedies.

The key Ayurvedic health benefits of Sweet Almond oil are:

Sweet-almondLet’s have a deeper look at the enormous benefits of Sweet Almond Oil:

1. B3 Formula – Trusted tonic to the brain, bones and blood:

Almond and its oil are the most popular and one among the primordial brain tonics known to mankind.

Soaked and peeled almonds given to children on a regular basis have been proven to enhance brain functions, memory power and cognitive performance.

Harvard Health Publications by the Harvard Medical School in an article ‘Boost your memory by eating right’ quotes that saturated fat and trans fat in our diet increase blood levels of harmful low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and harms arteries.

Dr. Francine Grodstein, Associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and associate epidemiologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital says, “LDL cholesterol builds up in, and damages, arteries. We know that’s bad for your heart. There is now a lot of evidence that it’s also bad for your brain.”

Food items that are rich in cholesterol and fat may augment the development of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. Such sticky protein clusters (b-amyloid plaques) are held responsible for most of the damage that happens in the brains of people affected with Alzheimer’s disease and memory loss problems.

Diet rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are the valiant heroes to protect the brain from memory loss problems.

Almond is rich in both mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and is a reliable natural aid that has been associated with lessening the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment, dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease and Cerebrasthenia or short term memory loss.

Almonds contain l-carnitine, riboflavin and phenylalanine, the cognitive abilities and mood enhancing chemicals. As a quickly absorbent oil, phenylalanine supports in the secretion of hormones, including dopamine and adrenaline.

These hormones have been proved to augment brain functions, create new neural passageways and calm the system. Thus, assisting in the improvement of mental alertness, positive reflexes, enhanced memory, cerebral functions and the power of optimistic thinking.

Almond and its oil also have vitamins and minerals like calcium and phosphorus that have a positive effect on the potency and resilience of bones and teeth. Thus, it can support in strengthening bones and teeth and in preventing gingivitis, osteoporosis etc.,

Rich in iron and zinc, Almonds have been recommended for increasing the count of RBC or red blood corpuscles. This helps in treating anemia, weak immunity and irregular blood circulation.

Almond oil is a light, non-sticky and easily absorbing oil that penetrates deeply into the skin and reaches the blood stream. Thus, it passes on its therapeutic properties to the entire system and works on the corresponding parts of the body, requiring the essential nutrients to function effectively.

Blend 3 ounce of Almond oil with 5 drops of Brahmi oil and 5 drops of Rosemary oil for a complete and tranquilizing massage of your system, twice in a week or once in two days.

This might support in strengthening your bones and teeth, increasing your cerebral activities and cognitive performance, improving memory functions and in treating anemia.

You can also add 2 drops of Almond oil with 1drop of Rosemary oil in your daily shampoo for boosting your memory and instilling positive feelings.

Meditation or prayer for about 10 to 15 minutes every day, especially in the early hours of the day can assist in deepening your thoughts, improving your cognitive response, intensifying your connection with the Divine Force and supporting in the secretion of positive hormones and supportive chemicals in the brain.

2. R-Power – Tones up the reproductive system:

Baby is a boon indeed and a healthy reproductive system supports the growth of a healthy fetus.

Almond and its oil can be beckoned as the ‘R-Power’ means the ‘Real-power or the Reproductive-power’.

Almond and its oil are held high in Ayurveda for its enormous power in invigorating the functions of Shukra dhatu or the reproductive tissues in both men and women.

Almond is a traditional remedy for thickening the semen, treat premature ejaculation, loss of sexual interest and for increasing the sperm count and vitality in men. Similarly Almonds are also recommended for treating menstrual difficulties, frigidity and for regularizing the secretion of hormones.

Munching on soaked almonds during pregnancy is a great way to nourish the senses and the brain development of the growing fetus. It strengthens the uterus and stimulates the functions of the female reproductive system.

Almonds are a rich source of natural folic acid and are recommended by medical practitioners for pregnant women, especially to prevent the occurrence of birth deficiencies in newborn babies, enhance brain development of the growing fetus, support healthy cellular structure and tissue development and to thwart neural tube conditions.

Almond milk also known popularly as Badam milk in India is an ancient remedy for boosting sexual energy and libido in men.

With the presence of nutrients including selenium (treats infertility), vitamin E (nurtures heart health and immunity), omega – 3 fatty acids (lubricates the system and supports proper circulation), zinc, L-arginine (increases libido and sperm count) and other minerals, Almond aids in fortifying sexual wellness and reinforce the reproductive mechanism.

Almonds along with certain other nuts and pulses contain phytosterols, the nutritious plant chemicals that are proven to encourage the production of testosterone and the presence of magnesium stabilizes prolactin hormone that deteriorates testosterone.

Soaking 4 almonds overnight and eating it as the first thing in the morning grants one enormous energy and stamina to revolve around throughout the day. Enjoy the nutritious Badam milk by blending the ground mixture of 4 almonds, 2 cashew nuts, 1 pinch of saffron, half a pinch of cardamom powder and required sugar to taste.

Take this nourishing drink half an hour before going to bed. It might help in increasing testosterone production, sperm count and libido both in men and women.

Massaging your lower abdomen, thighs, genital parts and back with 1 ounce of Almond oil blended with 2 drops of Ashwagandha oil and 1 drop of Ylang Ylang oil and taking a warm bath before going to bed can also help in elevating your mood, treating premature ejaculation, impotence, frigidity and lack of sexual interest.

Eat wholesome diet with protein, vitamins, minerals and fiber for a healthy mind, healthy body and enormous energy.

3. S & H Stimulant – Nourishes the skin and hair:

Apart from being an extraordinary skin nourishing oil, Almond oil protects the skin from the harmful ultra violet rays. Being a rich source of vitamin E, the friendly vitamin for the skin and hair, Almond oil is an effective antioxidant that encourages the production of red blood cells.

A 2007 study on the effects of Almond oil on skin’s exposure to UV radiation published in the ‘Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology’ draws a conclusion that dermatological use of Almond oil has the potent to lower the aging process and thwart structural mayhems produced by Ultra Violet radiation.

Free radicals arrest the growth of healthy skin cells and damage the existing active cells. This in turn paves way for symptoms of aging like wrinkles and fine lines along with the risk of chronic health conditions including heart problems and malignant tumors.

With its natural moisturizing and emollient properties, Almond oil strengthens the collagen (structural protein for supple and youthful skin) and is a trusted natural medication for treating dry, rough and mature skin conditions.

Vata imbalance ends up in dry and lifeless skin and Almond is one among the best oils for lubricating the skin naturally with its intense penetrating and nourishing properties that enrich the skin cells from within.

Maharishi Ayurveda quotes Almond oil as the best natural massage oil for people with Vata vitiations. Few other special reasons for using Almond oil for your skin is that it never block pores and assist in discovering supple, clear and attractive skin in the pink.

Pure and organic Almond oils are absolutely safe for use on babies as well, mainly because of the fact that its hypoallergenic oil that is gentle and completely safe on the skin and scalp. It is an excellent make-up remover with its natural cleansing and harmless effects.

With its deeper penetration and innate cleansing values, Almond oil is highly recommended for getting rid of tans, marks, acne flare-ups, stretch marks, chapped lip conditions, dirt and excess oil secretion in the skin surface, dark circles, rashes and other skin conditions. Almond oil acts as a tonic to the skin with high content of vitamin A, vitamin E and other skin nourishing nutrients.

Mix 5 drops of Almond oil with 1 drop of Jojoba oil and 2 drops of Honey and massage it on damaged skin in slow circular movements. Leave it for 10 minutes and clean it with a mild natural skin cleanser for soft, supple and blemish-free glowing skin.

You can also dab this mixture on rashes and other skin conditions for supporting quicker healing and deep cleansing.

Almonds for your hair: Hair is among the vital possessions for natural beauty for both men and women. Men consider healthy hair as an emblem of manliness and women boast it as an icon of their style statement and femininity.

Loss of hair, dandruff and other scalp conditions are more than enough to draw dullness on anyone’s life. Though environmental conditions, lack of nutrition and stressful lifestyle contribute to hair problems, clinging on to natural alternatives like Almond oil might undoubtedly save your head.

Massaging your hair and scalp with 1 ounce of Almond oil blended with 5 drops of Rosemary oil, 2 drops of Wheat germ oil and 2 drops of Curry leaves oil every week can help in strengthening your hair follicles, repairing the scalp conditions, moisturizing your hair and scalp, lessening dandruff and supplying the required nutrients to your lustrous locks.

4. MP or JA Reliever – Alleviates muscular pain and joint aches:

Almond is one among those highly nutritious nuts in strengthening muscles, relaxing tensed muscular system, enhances the electrical impulses of your neurons, augments energy, fortifies the immune system and reinforces durability and potency of bones and teeth.

Ah! It hurts! Yes, joint aches, muscular twinge, irritation, swelling and all other conditions are extremely challenging as it makes one to crawl on their knees in annoying pain.

Thousands of reasons can be listed behind such exaggerating conditions. They might be arthritis, rheumatism, muscular tension, strenuous labor, prolonged sitting in the same place during work, rheumatoid arthritis and much more.

Muscular pain, joint ache and rheumatic conditions are often caused by vata vitiation. Backbreaking work or physical exertion ends up in improper blood circulation, muscular pain and stiffness.

Almond oil is also effective in the treatment of vascular conditions like varicose veins, hemorrhoids and spider veins.

With its tendency to pacify excess vata conditions, Almond oil can reduce pain, relieve muscular tension, enhance blood circulation, lessen swelling and soreness.

Heat 1 ounce of Almond oil with 2 drops of Garlic oil and gently massage the painful parts with this warm blend. Rest a hot water bag over it and leave it for about 10 minutes for better results.

Other health benefits:

Apart from the above health uses, Sweet Almond and its oil are also effective as a TB therapy with its ability to support the treatment of tuberculosis and other respiratory conditions, with its antispasmodic and tonic properties. It is also an excellent stimulant to the blood and aids in treating anemia.

The high monounsaturated fat content along with other fatty acids in Almonds and other nuts act as a cardio protective agent that is also related to favorable plasma lipid profiles and lessened cardiovascular risks.

Almond is also a delicious stress-relieving snack that soothes your nerves and grants absolute solace to your mind. It is also known for strengthening the gums and protecting the teeth from the effects of dental cavities.

Disclaimer:

This post is ordained only for informational purposes and is not meant to treat, substitute or prevent any sickness or replace prescribed medications or the advice of your medical professional. We, at Essential Depot are not healthcare professionals and this information is shared with the trance of spreading the ancient healing wisdom of Ayurveda, the pioneer of all healing sciences in the universe.

Organic and pure essential oils are always recommended only for topical application and should not be ingested. This is due to the fact that 100 per cent pure and organic oils are highly concentrated substances and might cause allergic reactions, if used on the skin directly.

Consult your Ayurvedic expert or healthcare professional prior to choosing the apt oils for your unique individual constitution or Prakriti and health condition or Vikruti. Care should be taken if you are using essential oils on pregnant women, elderly people, children and nursing mothers.

Thought for the day:

I said to the almond tree, ‘Friend, speak to me of God,’ and the almond tree blossomed.

-Nikos Kazantzakis

Suggested Reading:

  1. Almond Oil for Health and Beauty: Discover the Various Health, Beauty and Culinary Secrets of This Vitamin Rich Oil by Angelina Jacobs
  2. Almond Oil Miracle: Almond Oil Miracles and Almond Oil Quick, Delicious in one Incredible Box Set by Thomas Longe
  3. Almond Oil Beauty Secrets: 50 Incredible Almond Oil Recipes for Flawless Skin and Killer Hair! (The DIY Naturalist Book 1) by Rosemary Fryberger
  4. Sweet Almond Oil (Carrier Oils Book 14) by Miriam Kinai
  5. Almond Oil – Magic in a Flask: Be As Beautiful On the Outside As You Are Inside by Lisa A Miller

Reference Links:

  1. Boost your memory by eating right by Harvard Health Publications, Harvard Medical School
  2. Almond by Wikipedia
  3. Effect of pre-treatment of almond oil on ultraviolet B-induced cutaneous photo-aging in mice by Sultana Y, Kohli K, Athar M, Khar RK, Aqil M, Department of Pharmaceutics, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India, published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology.
  4. Skin and hair benefits of Sweet Almond Oil by The Health Site
  5. Almonds and almond oil have similar effects on plasma lipids and LDL oxidation in healthy men and women by Hyson DA, Schneeman BO, Davis PA, Department of Nutrition, University of California, published in PubMed

Cubeb Oil

Cubeb-bannerCubeb, the tailed-pepper is an exceptional fertility aid for both the Kings and Queens out there, with its significant aphrodisiac properties. “It stimulates the parathyroid, and so it would be an excellent addition to menopausal formulas, helping with problems of osteoporosis”, says Jenny Rose in her Aromatherapy Book.

Cubeb essential oil is extracted from the dried Cubeb berries through steam distillation method. This plant is botanically called as Piper cubeba and is a limb of the pepper family Piperaceae.

Cubeb was recommended by Charaka and Sushruta, the legendary Ayurvedic philosophers for treating halitosis, cough, loss of voice, fever, gonorrhea and certain other oral problems. Cubeb is known in Sanskrit as kankol and in Hindi as kabab chini and is a part of the Ayurvedic family Pippali kul. It is also used in Ayurvedic formulations for treating impotence, tastelessness, asthma, inflammation, piles, indigestion and menstrual problems.

Purchase Cubeb Oil – 4oz – CLICK HERE

Historical uses and importance of Cubeb:

Native to the Java and Sumatra islands of Indonesia, Cubeb is often called as Java pepper and is also grown widely in India and Malaysia. It’s taste is often compared to allspice or pepper like. Cubeb is said to have reached the European subcontinent through the ancient trades by the Arabs through India and Arabians call it as Kababa and is also talked about in the writings of Alchemy.

The use of Cubeb dates back to 4th century BC in various parts of the world. It was brought to China during the Tang dynasty and was called by the Sanskrit names vidanga and vilenga.

The most interesting uses of Cubeb by the Tang physicians are to darken hair, treat demon vapors, loss of appetite and as a natural perfume for the body. Cubeb was also used in the Tibetan Medicine for treating problems associated with the spleen.

Hildegard of Bingen prescribed the use of Cubeb as an antiseptic and as a good tonic for the nervous system. The London Dispensatorie written by Nicholas Culpeper in 1654 says “Cubebs were hot and dry in the third degree… (snip) they cleanse the head of flegm and strengthen the brain, they heat the stomach and provoke lust“. Theophrastus has stated the use of Cubeb as an important ingredient in making sweet-smelling confections along with cassia and cinnamon.

Chemical constituents and therapeutic properties of Cubeb oil:

The chemical constituents of Cubeb essential oil are sesquiterpenes (namely α- and β-cubebene, caryophyllene, germacrene, δ-cadinene and copaene) and monoterpenes (including carene, 50% sabinene and α-thujene) along with camphor, pinene, azulene, lineal, alcohol cubebol and other oxides like 1,4- and 1,8-cineole.

The remedial attributes of Cubeb essential oil are carminative, diuretic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, analgesic, disinfectant, astringent, gastro-protective and stimulant.

Ayurvedic health benefits of Cubeb essential oil:

Ayurveda implanted strong roots of health through prevention of illnesses, disciplined lifestyle and absolute balance with nature leading to aging in the pink and extended life-span even beyond a hundred years. This 5,000 years old ancient healing methodology strongly insists to be on par with nature for leading a hale and harmonious living.

According to Ayurveda, everything on Earth is a combination of the 5 vital elements of nature and they are earth, fire, water, air and space.

It says that the only difference between a living thing and a non-living thing is the element of space that rests within living organisms as the soul. Bones and muscles represent earth, fire stands for the metabolic processes and body temperature, blood is a symbol of water, air assists in breathing and space is the soul, which indicates that we are alive.

Ayurvedic philosophy states that each human being is created with a unique individual constitution that comprises of three bio-energies known as doshas, namely vata, kapha and pitta types. Vata is a combination of air and space, pitta stands for fire and water and kapha represents water and earth.

Ayurveda denotes that every individual has a predominance of any one these doshas and that determines their physical set up, mental makeup and their personality. Balance between these doshas is a symbol of good health and imbalances of these biological energies due to food and lifestyle changes causes illnesses.

Treatments in Ayurveda vary from person to person even if it is for the same illness because this common sense science examines the individual constitution, patient history and the root cause of an illness before prescribing the suitable medication.

The most prevalent Ayurvedic remedies are herbs, plant essential oils, Abhyanga (the art of Ayurvedic massaging), yoga, Ayurvedic routine, prayer, simple physical exercises and mediation depending upon the unique individual constitution for correcting the doshic imbalances.

Cubeb oil is an effective Ayurvedic remedy for treating excess of kapha and vata energies and regularizing the pitta deficit.

The Ayurvedic health benefits of Cubeb essential oil are:

Cubeb-broucher1. Natural aid to fertility problems:

Cubeb essential oil has natural aphrodisiac properties for which it was used by ancient Arabians and in the Unani medicinal system in the treatment of fertility problems like infertility, loss of sexual interest, impotence, erectile dysfunction, all stages of gonorrhea and other STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases).

In Ayurvedic terms, Cubeb oil contains Ushan as its Virya means hotness as its main potency. Warmth and increased body temperature influence better intimacy in a sexual relationship. Excess of vata dosha can also be a reason for lack of sexual interest and impotency. Cubeb essential oil is known for reducing increased vata dosha and helps treat various sexual problems.

Unani medicinal system suggests the use of Cubeb corns for increased sexual contentment and is it because of this attribute Cubebs were initially called in Arabic language as ‘Habb-ul-Uruus. It has also been noted in the book ‘One Thousand and One Nights’ as a key ingredient in the preparation of an aphrodisiac cure for infertility.

Cubeb oil has a warm, pungent and slightly camphoraceous fragrance with a feel of Nutmeg aroma. Add 3 drops of Cubeb oil in 3 ml of olive oil and massage your body for arousing intimate sexual feelings naturally. You can also add 2 drops of this oil in warm bathing water before going to bed and add 1 drop of Cubeb oil along with 1 drop of Lavender or Ylang Ylang oil in your diffuser to set the right mood perfectly.

2. Alleviates dental and oral infections:

Cubeb gets a special mention in both the highly-held Ayurvedic encyclopedias, the Charaka Samhita and the Sushruta Samhita as an oral cleanser and as an aid for treating dental problems.

The essential oil of Cubeb has natural antiseptic, antimicrobial and astringent properties that assist in killing the harmful organisms in the mouth causing halitosis or bad breath, bleeding gums, plaque and cavities. Mix 1 drop of Cubeb oil in a cup of warm water and use it as a gargle for relieving all kinds of dental and oral infections.

3. Relieves congestion and other respiratory illnesses:

Vitiated kapha dosha is responsible for water retention, excess deposits of phlegm and mucous, thus leading to respiratory problems like nasal congestion, chest congestion, cold and other pulmonary infections including bronchitis. The ability to reduce increased kapha energy is the major reason for Cubeb oil being used as a promising remedy in treating respiratory illnesses.

Many popular Physicians and Herbalists like Nicholas Culpeper have said that Cubeb is an excellent remedy for clearing phlegm deposits, strengthening the brain, alleviating bronchitis; asthma, relieving congestion and treating cough and throat infections. Add 2 to 3 drops of Cubeb oil in steam inhalation or to your vaporub and massage it gently on your throat, back and chest to experience quick relief from respiratory infections with its expectorant and antimicrobial properties.

4. Discards toxic substances in the body:

Cubeb essential oil has diuretic properties that help in discharging the toxic substances in the body known as ama, which is nothing but the remains of improper digestion which slowly turns toxic. These toxic remains along with salt deposits, uric acid, cholesterol and fat can lead to numerous medical conditions including kidney problems and heart diseases.

Light Miller and Bryan Miller in their book ‘Ayurveda and Aromatherapy’ say about Cubeb as “This herb has a light peppery smell. On occasion, when substituted into a formula for weight loss instead of black pepper, patients reported greater effectiveness .”

Cubeb oil acts as a stimulant in the body and promotes the proper functioning of the system. Its diuretic properties increase the quantity and frequency of urination and helps in cleansing the system.

Adding 2 drops of Cubeb oil in warm bathing water or in an Ayurvedic massage blend with 2 drops of peppermint oil, 2 drops of Cubeb oil along with 5 ml sesame oil assists in excreting toxic substances in the body, thus treating urinary infections, obesity, inflammatory conditions and other genito-urinary problems.

5. Assists in proper digestion and bowel movements:

Just like Pepper, Cubeb also has hot, spicy and pungent flavor. It’s potent to increase pitta energy is of great value in dealing with digestive problems like tastelessness, loss of appetite, indigestion, constipation, flatulence, intestinal worms etc., where Pitta dosha represents fire and water and is in charge of the metabolic functions. Massage your abdomen with 2 drops of Cubeb oil mixed with 2 ml of coconut oil for effective relief from digestive disorders.

A 2012 study on ‘In vitro efficacy of the essential oil of Piper cubeba L. (Piperaceae) against Schistosoma mansoni by Universidade de Franca published in Pubmed’ suggests that, “Piper cubeba essential oil possesses an effect against cercariae, schistosomula, and adult worms of the S. mansoni.” Schistosoma mansoni are adult worms that cause intestinal schistosomiasis (combined name for parasitic diseases).

Other uses:

Cubeb oil is also used as an important ingredient in lozenges, spirits, chewing gum, oral cleansers, toothpastes, cough drops, cigarettes for hay fever, asthma and chronic pharyngitis. It is also used in Ayurvedic healing for treating joint and bone problems.

Disclaimer:

This article is meant only for the purpose of education and information. Using it as a substitute for prescribed medicines or professional medical advice is not recommended. Always use essential oils for topical application in a diluted form only as organic essential oils are highly concentrated liquids and can cause allergic reactions.

Cubeb oil is a possible skin irritant and it is good to be avoided during pregnancy and nursing. Always consult your Ayurvedic expert before making the right choice of essential oils that suit your medical condition and unique individual constitution.

Thought for the day:

In wilderness I sense the miracle of life, and behind it our scientific accomplishments fade to trivia.  -Charles Lindbergh

Suggested Reading:

  1. ISO 3756:1976, Oil of Cubeb by ISO TC 54
  2. The Master Book of Herbalism by Paul Beyerl
  3. Ayurveda & Aromatherapy: The Earth Essential Guide to Ancient Wisdom and Modern Healing by Dr. Light Miller, Dr. Bryan Miller
  4. All About Spices: Pepper, Cubebs, Nutmegs, Cloves, Ginger, Vanilla, Pimento, Cinnamon (1889) by Alastair Mackenzie Ferguson, John Ferguson
  5. The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils: The Complete Guide to the Use of Aromatic Oils In Aromatherapy, Herbalism, Health, and Well Being by Julia Lawless

Reference Links:

  1. Cubeb by Wikipedia
  2. Piper cubeba by Ayushveda
  3. Cubeb published in Aromatherapy Bible by Daniele Ryman
  4. Essential Oil Constituents of Piper cubeba L. fils. From Indonesia by Rein Bos, Herman J. Woerdenbag, Oliver Kayser, Wim J. Quax, Komar Ruslan & Elfami
  5. In vitro efficacy of the essential oil of Piper cubeba L. (Piperaceae) against Schistosoma mansoni by Universidade de Franca published in Pubmed