Argan Oil

Posted on February 14, 2024 by AyurvedicOils

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Liquid Gold From Argan Nut

“May you live 100 years with all the wealth and wellness”, is the traditional way of blessing in India. Hope, Argan tree has been blessed twice as its estimated life span is more than 200 years. Argan is dotingly called as the ‘Tree of life’ by the Moroccan populace and is awarded with the title ‘Liquid gold’, for its innumerable healing benefits.

Cherished and kept as a beauty secret by the women of Morocco since 12 B.C., Argan oil has made a clean sweep of the cosmetic and medicinal streams with its natural potent to treat enormous skin conditions, hair problems, rheumatism, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and many other health conditions.

Being one among the oldest extant trees on earth dated back to the Tertiary period, Argan oil is recommended in the Complementary and Alternative Medicine for treating acne, stretch marks, wrinkles and other aging symptoms, dandruff, rough and dry hair, high cholesterol levels, inflammatory conditions and more.

Ayurveda recommends Argan oil for treating pitta dosha vitiations like acne, boils, skin inflammation, blemishes, microbial infections, digestive disorders along with vata problems including dry, scaly skin, wrinkles, fatigue, anxiety, constipation and frizzy hair conditions.

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Chemical constituents and therapeutic values of Argan oil:

Argan oil is cold pressed from the seed kernels of the Argan fruit and is rich in fatty acids including oleic acid, alpha-linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearidonic acid, linoleic acid and myristic acid along with tocopherols, carotenes, phenols (present in Argan oil are resorcinol, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, oleuropein, catechol, epicatechin, catechin and tyrosol.)

Since the traditional times, Argan oil is admired as a promising source of vitamin E, vitamin A, unsaturated fatty acids along with Omega 6 and Omega 9 fatty acids (has antioxidant properties).

All these constituents contribute to the remedial properties of Argan oil. They are antioxidant, moisturizing, cicatrisant, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, aphrodisiac, anti-rheumatic, anti-aging, anti-acne, hepatoprotective, immune stimulant, anti-obesity, anti-sebum, anti-proliferative (cancer preventive), choleretic and anti-diabetic.

Historical uses and importance of Argan oil:

Argania spinosa is the botanical name of the Argan tree that belongs to the Sapotaceae plant family. Indigenous to Morocco, the conical or oval bulb-shaped fruits possess the magical seed or the nut holding the nourishing oil-rich kernels.

Even today, in this mechanized world, the extraction of Argan oil is regarded as the most complex method that any oil can be extracted. In an economically poor setup, the Berber women involve in the toiling and long-drawn-out work of extracting oil from the kernels. The fruit pulp is often used as a cattle feed, followed which the nut is cracked open to reach the kernels.

The disheartening news is that Argan tree is one among those endangered species, mainly due to deforestation, drought and inappropriate extensive use. The primordial native women of the Amazigh community were among the oldest populace to use edible Argan oil.

The edible Argan oil is a part of the scrumptious habitual breakfast of the Moroccans, where home-made bread varieties are complimented with honey and Argan oil. It is also taken with a different combination, along with fresh salads and goat cheese. The authentic Moroccan sweet Amlou is a much-relished aphrodisiac with a blend of almonds, Argan oil and honey.

Morocco sets right the best examples of Argan oil employment, especially for topical applications, in the treatment of acne, eczema, psoriasis, joint pain, dry skin, inflammatory skin conditions and wrinkles. People of various Moroccan tribes used Argan oil as a preventive aid for frizzy hair and hair fall.

UNESCO has enlisted Argan tree in the World Heritage record and utters, “Argan tree is not only the focus for conservation, but also for research and socio-economic development. Traditional uses of the Argan tree are for example forestry, pastoralism, food, medicine and cosmetics. Growing along the border of Sahara, it also functions as a buffer against desertification.”

Ayurvedic health benefits of Argan oil:

Anything and everything that is a part of nature comes under the Ayurvedic roof. This is because Ayurveda, the knowledge of life strongly states that everything on earth is a part of Mother Nature and is made up of the five vital forces of Nature.

Ayurvedic philosophy states that the origin of all existing things on earth is the real consciousness called as Purusha. It states that energy and matter are the same, where energy is evident through the 5 vital elements namely earth, fire, water, air and space. These elemental forces lay a foundation for all matters in the universe.

In the human body earth is present in the physique like muscles, bones, cartilages, tendons, skin, hair and nails. Space exists in digestive tract, lungs, thorax, mouth and the abdominal area.

Fire is instituted in the process of metabolism, vision, intellect and body temperature. Air is evident in heart palpitations, muscular movements, nervous and respiratory functions. Water endures in the form of blood, digestive juices, functions of the salivary glands, cytoplasm and mucous membranes.

Known as Panchamahabhutas, these five elements entail the functions of the five senses. The sense of touch, sight, sound, smell and taste match up accordingly with air, fire, space, earth and water.

These 5 vital elements combine to form the 3 doshas or the biological energies of nature, namely vata (space + air), pitta (fire + water) and kapha (earth + water). According to the Ayurvedic principle, every individual is made up of a combination of three doshas with a predominance of any one dosha. This predominance determines the personality, spirit and the behavioral patterns.

Every person is treated in a distinctive manner based upon his/her Prakriti or the unique individual constitution and Vikruti or the state of health. Balance between these doshas indicates a healthy state whereas doshic imbalances end up in illnesses.

Ayurvedic treatment involves the natural remedies and techniques for striking proper balance between the doshas. According to this remedial system, health encompasses the wellness of the mind, body and spirit, also known as Swasthya.

More than a healing methodology, Ayurveda is a way of living that embraces spirituality, philosophy, and science. It aims at diagnosis, prevention of illnesses, healthy aging, self-realization and longevity.

For attaining this freedom of living and blissful aging, Ayurveda treats the individual (not the disease) by recommending herbal medicines, Ayurvedic essential oils, Dinacharya or Ayurvedic routine, yoga, simple physical exercises, Pranayama or conscious breathing, Panchakarma or cleansing technique, prayers and meditation (to connect with the Divine energy).

The Ayurvedic health benefits of Argan oil are:

1. Twachya and Kusthaghna – Supports skin health and treats various skin problems:

Integrating the Ayurvedic essence of the Eastern provinces with the nurturing herbs of the Western world is indeed an enlightening experience.

Argan oil is such a nourishing, moisturizing and enriching oil for the skin, for which it can be honored as Twachya, meaning a remedy that backs up healthy skin and as Kusthaghna for its effectiveness in repairing various skin damages and healing numerous skin conditions.

The rich presence of tocopherols, squalene, carotenes, sterols and phenolic antioxidants from its vitamin E, vitamin A, Omega 6, Omega 9 and unsaturated fatty acids make Argan oil, the best ever oil on earth for skin in the pink.

It is effective for all the three types of skin:

i. Dry, rough and scaly vata skin – With its moisturizing, nourishing, emollient and circulatory properties, Argan oil pampers your skin by kicking out dryness and leaving it supple and soft. It is one among the trusted remedies to mend itchy, flaky and rough skin.

ii. Sensitive, broken and inflammatory pitta skin – Argan oil is an excellent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial oil that can support in treating boils, irritating and acne-prone skin, cracks, burns and repair inflamed skin conditions.

Mr. Majda Alaoui Sosso, Director of Morocco’s oil cooperative said, “Recent scientific studies have showed benefits of Argan oil has antimicrobial properties, and can be used in treating damaged skin and inflammation.”

iii. Oily, puffy and thick kapha skin – Kapha based skin has a natural tendency to secrete excess sebum from the sebaceous glands of the skin. This greasy, oil-like secretion helps to retain the moisture and elasticity of the skin.

Over-secretion might end up in oily skin, acne, blemishes and dullness. Argan oil has active anti-sebum property that regulates the secretion of sebum.

A 2007 study on “Clinical and instrumental study of the efficacy of a new sebum control cream” by Dobrev H, Department of Dermatology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, tested the effectiveness of a sebum control cream containing Argan oil. Topical application of this Argan oil based cream on 20 healthy volunteers for 4 weeks reveals an evident sebum-regulating effect in about 95 percent of the participants.

This study concludes that the Sebum control cream with Argan oil shows efficacy in “reducing the greasiness and improving the appearance of oily facial skin.”

It works on suppressing surfeit fat cells and reduces water retention, which might otherwise end up in leaving the skin thick and puffy.

Argan oil has been in use for more than thousands of years in healing wounds, cuts, sores, burns, and acts as a protective layer for your skin from harmful UV (ultra-violet) rays, pollution, change in weather conditions, stress and other environmental factors.

Gently massaging your skin in slow circular motion with 2 drops of Argan oil, 1 drop of Tea tree oil and 1 drop of Evening primrose oil can help in reducing acne, inflammation, acne marks, chicken pox scars, rashes, eczema, boils, repairing damaged skin cells and in preventing microbial infections from spreading all through skin surface.

This tranquilizing massage also helps in regulating the pH balance of the skin and supports in locking the natural moisture in it. The presence of vitamin E, linoleic acid and other nutrients in Argan oil aid in boosting cellular production.

2. Rasayana – Rejuvenates and restores skin health:

Argan oil is absolutely a Rasayana in Ayurvedic terms, mainly due to its anti-aging, rejuvenative, tonic, circulatory and regenerating properties. It aids in restoring the skin health that has turned thick, dry, inflamed, mature and aged skin with wrinkles, fine lines, blemishes and other aging symptoms.

The phenolic antioxidants along with the presence of Omega 6 and Omega 9 fatty acids contribute to its free radicals scavenging activity. Free radicals are often the terrible cause behind the symptoms of aging.

The oil of Argan extracted from its seed kernel is an excellent skin toner with exfoliating qualities that can discard dead skin cells, tone the cellular structure, tightens the skin cells, influences the replenishment of new skin cells and guards skin elasticity by supporting the collagen production.

Collagen is the essential protein in the body that supports the strength of the connective tissues and grants that natural cushioning effect for various parts of the body.

Massaging your system with 5 drops of Argan oil blended with 4 ounce of Jojoba oil can do all that is required to retain your youthful looks and leave you look like ‘you’re 16 even at 36.’

This aids in moisturizing dry feet, hands, heels, cracked lips, stretch marks, hyperpigmentation disorders, wrinkles and in granting that glossy look to your nail and cuticles.

3. Deepana and Medohara – aids in metabolism, reduces cholesterol and treats obesity:

Argan oil is a Deepana, which aids in strengthening the digestive system and is a Medohara that assists in reducing cholesterol and deal with obesity.

Massaging your abdomen with 3 drops of Argan oil with 2 drops of Peppermint oil can help in enhancing the secretion of pepsin, digestive enzymes and other gastric juices.

This aids in supporting metabolic functions and promote quicker digestion and proper bowel movements. The gentle properties of Argan oil also helps in soothing the lining of the stomach and intestinal walls.

Argan oil has antioxidant properties and the potent to enhance HDL – good cholesterol and reduce LDL – bad cholesterol with the presence of phenolics and phytosterols that contribute to its hypocholesterolemic activity. This helps in enhancing heart health and in treating cardiovascular disorders and obesity.

Polyphenols, sterols and tocopherols are antioxidant components present in Argan oil. This helps in treating cellular damage and according to certain studies; Argan oil reduced the rate of cellular division, especially in prostate cancer conditions with its antioxidant, antiatherosclerotic and hypocholesterolemic properties.

A 2008 study on ‘Effect of Argan oil on platelet aggregation and bleeding time: A beneficial nutritional product’ by Mekhfi H, Bnouham M and Gadi D states, “Argan oil prevents thrombin- or epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. Argan oil can reduce platelet aggregation, therefore minimizing the risk of thrombosis in cardiovascular event.”

4. Keshya – Encourages hair growth and strengthens your hair follicles: Conditioning and styling of hair, deep conditioning treatment.

“Argan oil has an amazing oil balance feature which hydrates dry hair and spreads and balances excess in oily hair. The oil can leave a beautiful shine without any greasiness and aims to reduce the impact of environmental pollution,” says Sangeeta Mahimtura, technical director of Juice.

She also adds, “Argan oil also hydrates and nourishes. It regenerates your cells thus strengthening the hair and its elasticity and increasing its growth. When used on skin it can make ugly marks, spots and acne disappear. This oil can also protect your skin from early aging which can be caused due stress, pollution, sun and chemicals. It adds shine and has a calming effect on flyaway and frizzy hair and significantly detangles the hair, reducing blow-dry time.”

Argan oil is a rich source of Vitamin E, which is predominantly recognized to help with the ducts or the growth of capillaries on the skin and scalp. This helps in cascading the therapeutic values along with natural nutrients of Argan oil and also supports proper blood circulation. And! The result is strong, healthy and voluminous hair.

With its natural emollient and moisturizing properties, Argan oil works as a conditioner and a repairing serum that works wonders in treating frizzy hair, split ends, dandruff, itchy and flaky scalp conditions.

Gently massage your scalp and hair (especially the ends), by starting from the roots and extending to the length with 2 drops of Argan oil blended with 2 drops of Ylang Ylang oil, 2 drops of Tea tree oil and 1 ounce of coconut oil. Leave it overnight by covering your head with a shower cap.

Wash your hair in the morning with ½ drop of Argan oil mixed with your mild shampoo. That’s it and you are perfectly ready with those soft, shiny, silky, detangled and bouncy locks.

You don’t need a conditioner anymore and you’d love to have your hands on your hair, just to keep caressing them.

5. Medhya – Enhances cognitive abilities and increases intelligence:

Argan oil is a Medhya herb in Ayurvedic terminology for its potent to stimulate the functions of the brain, cognitive performance, memory power, positive thinking and treat mood fluctuations.

‘Rosemary is there for remembrance’ is an encouraging phrase for all those wonderful people in the world, involved in an effort for greater achievements. Argan oil joins the queue with Rosemary oil in augmenting your cognitive performance and improved functions of the mind.

Argan oil has the same 1,8-cineole, the proven active constituent in Rosemary that has been proved as an effective contributor for Rosemary oil’s improved cognitive abilities. This is substantiated by the research conducted by Lorraine Oliver and Mark Moss, the Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Northumbria University, UK.

This study states that ‘1-8-cineole present in Rosemary oil’ was candidly associated with the enhancement of the cognitive function in the 20 volunteers who were a part of the experiment. It concludes “the compounds absorbed from rosemary aroma affect cognition and subjective state independently through different neurochemical pathways.”

Blend 1 drop of Argan oil and 1 drop of Rosemary oil and rub soothingly on your temples and wrist to alleviate headache, loss of memory, mood fluctuations, tension, lethargic attitude, stress, lack of motivation, feelings of loneliness and low self-confidence and self-esteem.

1 drop of Argan oil and 5 drops of Rosemary oil added to your bath is an excellent way to trigger a uplifting, new-fangled and a great day with full of positive energy to just get-up-and-go!!!

What more? Welcome our dear ‘Rock Star’.

6. Vrushya – Supports reproductive health as a natural aphrodisiac:

Though claiming Argan oil as Vrushya, aid for enhancing reproductive wellness as an aphrodisiac, lacks scientific evidences, Argan oil has nourishing properties that help withstand the natural potency and vigor for a hale and hearty relationship.

Argan oil has fatty acids like Omega 6, Omega 9, linoleic acid, oleic acid, tocopherols and phenols. This makes it an excellent aid in enhancing immunity with its antimicrobial, immune stimulant, anti-aging and antioxidant properties that assists in fighting against free radicals and augments the body’s natural ability to resist against infections and symptoms of aging.

This oil also increases prana or the life force and ojas or vitality. Supporting the health of skin and hair also adds upon your beauty quotient.

With all these benefits, Argan oil is absolute an aphrodisiac package that might help in treating impotence, lack of vitality, loss of libido due to stress and mood fluctuations, premature ejaculation and other reproductive problems.

Somersaulting into the invigorating Ayurvedic massage with 4 drops of Argan oil mixed with 3 drops of Cinnamon oil, 2 drops of Lavender oil and 5 ounce of Evening Primrose oil might extremely benefit one in soothing the nervous system, relieving stress and muscular tension, enhancing blood circulation, promoting positive thoughts, increasing life force and conceding all the vital energy required for spicing up your ‘time together’ as ‘Mr. Handsome and Mrs. Gorgeous!!!! 🙂

Other health benefits:

Argan oil has also been witnessed scientifically in assisting the treatment of diabetes, liver infections, digestive disorders, and cancerous growths.

Disclaimer:

This article is crafted only for the use of information and is not in any ways meant to treat any health condition or substitute any prescription drugs or the professional medical advice of your healthcare expert. We, at Essential Depot are not medical professionals and this information is published only with the thought of sharing the healing wisdom of Ayurveda, the pioneer of all medical systems on earth.

Never take essential oils for internal use as pure and organic oils are highly concentrated liquids and might lead to allergic reactions when ingested or used on the skin directly without dilution. Make sure that you use Argan oil only for topical application, preferably after a patch test on your skin.

Remember to consult your Ayurvedic practitioner or healthcare expert before choosing the appropriate essential oils for your Prakriti or unique individual constitution and Vikruti, current state of health. Talk with your Doctor before using Argan oil on children, nursing or pregnant moms – to – be.

Thought for the day:

Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree.

-Martin Luther King.

Suggested Reading:

Argan Oil Beauty Secrets: 50 Natural Skin Care and Anti-Aging Beauty Treatments for Glowing, Healthy Skin! (Organic Skin Care Recipes & Homemade Remedies) … Essential Oil, Natural Beauty Secrets) by Laura Watson
Argan Oil: The Liquid Gold from Morocco: Tips to Best Uses of Argan Oil for Skin, Hair, and Nails by Sara Abdel
Argan Oil Secrets for Beautiful Hair and Skin: 40+ Cosmetic Recipes for All Types of Hair and Skin by Lynn Alex
Argan Oil: The Magical Moroccan Cure: Powerful Natural remedies for Anti-aging skin, Healthy Hair, and Long Life (argan oil,argan,argan essential oil,moroccan oil,liquid gold) by Alex Ham
Beauty Secrets Of Argan Oil: Powerful Natural remedies for Anti-aging skin, Healthy Hair, Nails and Long Life (argan oil, essential oils, 100 percent pure … of Essential Oil, Argan Oil Benefits,) by Steve A. Hamilton

Reference Links:

Basil Oil

Posted on February 5, 2024 by AyurvedicOils

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‘The Elixir of life’ and ‘Mother medicine of Nature’ are the most popular historical references of Basil for its enormous healing values to the mind, body and soul.

It has marked its presence significantly in various medicinal systems in the world including Ayurveda and Homeopathy for treating diabetes, renal colic, epileptic attacks, painful breasts, congestion, asthmatic attacks, diarrhea, numbness, migraine, nervous exhaustion and insomnia.

Scientifically known as Ocimum canum, Basil is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae. This traditional medicinal herb is widely distributed in India, especially Tamil Nadu and is called as Nai Tulasi in Tamil. Besides numerous therapeutic properties, the most noteworthy remedial effects of Basil and its essential oil are its functions as a cancer chemoprotective agent and anti-diabetic agent for reducing blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.

Historical uses and importance of Basil oil:

Basil is said to have its origin in India, the land of rich traditional values. The healing, culinary and aromatic attributes of this sweet-smelling plant have been talked about in many classical herbal writings including Charaka Samhita (ancient Ayurvedic text) and the works of renowned herbalists like Dioscorides, Gerard, Culpeper and Parkinson.

Parkinson has quoted that Basil’s scent “fit for a King’s house”, denoting its royal aroma and has also said that Basil can be used “to procure a cheerful and merry heart.” Gerard and Culpeper has mentioned that Basil is an excellent remedy for melancholy and is a natural antidote for insect bites including scorpion stings, mosquito bites and bee stings.

The word ‘Ocimum’ (generic name) is derived from the Greek word ‘okimon’, which means smell. This indicates one among those reasons behind the unforgettable fragrance of the Basil variety. Basil plays a vital role in various religious practices across the world, where it has been considered as a sacred herb in Hinduism and said to have grown at the place of Christ’s crucifixion.

Basil plant has also been associated as a symbol of love, protection, courtship, truthfulness, courtship, death and luck. This plant has been a significant part of various religious ceremonies, where the smoke from burning this herb is said to calm the mind and augment the spiritual power.

Ocimum canum has been used in the traditional medicine for treating oral problems, fever, insect bites, constipation, parasitic infestations, cold, inflammation, headache, joint pain and dysentery. This plant was burnt in the homes as incense and for protecting from insects. Basil leaves were also used to guard the crops post harvesting from the damages of insects.

This herb is much remembered in various traditions across the world in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Basil and its essential oil are also used as a flavoring agent in soft drinks, shampoos, cuisines, body lotions, teas, candies, dairy products, toothpastes and cosmetics.

Therapeutic properties and chemical constituents of Basil essential oil:

The essential oil of Basil has about 36 chemical components and is a rich source of camphor, eugenol, β-caryophyllene, a-pinene, limonene, myrcene, camphene, naphthalene, caryophyllene and valencene.

These components contribute to its therapeutic properties like antiemetic, anti-stress, antiviral, antibacterial, rubefacient, antidiabetic, antiasthmatic, antimicrobial, anticancer, insecticide, anti-fertility, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, antioxidant, expectorant, analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic.

Ayurvedic health benefits of Basil essential oil:

Ayurveda is a complete medicinal practice which stands on the three pillars of health, including physical, mental and a hearty soul. For attaining this holistic healing, Ayurveda focuses on treating the root cause of an illness instead of treating the symptoms. This aids in curing the sickness initially and preventing it in the future as well.

The principle of Ayurveda strongly believes that every individual is a unique part of nature with a unique individual constitution, which consists of three dynamic energies called as doshas. They are vata, pitta and kapha. These doshas are a representation of the five fundamentals elements of nature. They are water, fire, earth, space and air.

Vata dosha is an arrangement of air and space and is in charge for circulatory, respiratory, and nervous functions of the system. Pitta energy is a combination of fire and water and it takes care of body temperature and metabolic activities including digestion, absorption and elimination. Kapha is a representation of earth and water and is responsible for reproductive functions, movement of fluids and muscular development of the body.

Ayurvedic texts state that every person should be treated in a unique manner according to the predominance and balance between the 3 doshas. This doshic structure determines a human’s physique, character and behavioral attributes.

Imbalance between these doshas is said to happen based on an individual’s balance with nature, which is said to deviate depending on a person’s change in food habits, lifestyle changes, environmental factors and climatic conditions.

Doshic imbalances lead to illnesses and is best treated in Ayurvedic medicine by recommending natural remedies including herbs, essential oils, meditation, yoga, prayers, Pranayama or the art of balanced breathing, simple physical exercises, Abhyanga (Ayurvedic massaging), Ayurvedic routine, Panchakarma (Ayurvedic detoxification) techniques.

These remedies help in correcting the imbalance between these doshas and aid in healing the illness initially and preventing it in the future as well. Basil oil is said to reduce kapha dosha predominantly, pacify vata and enhance pitta dosha with its warming effect on the system.

Let’s look at the Ayurvedic health benefits of Basil essential oil based on its usage:

1. Benefits as a bathing or massaging oil:

Abhyanga or the art of Ayurvedic massaging is an ancient healing technique and is one among the friendliest remedy for treating various medical conditions. Massaging in Ayurveda means the use of palms, elbows, feet and other conventional massaging tools and equipments for maneuvering nerves, muscles and the whole body.

Ayurveda prescribes the use of Ayurvedic essential oils in massaging technique after analyzing the individual constitution and the state of health. By this way, the medicinal properties of the essential oils pass on to the blood stream and then to the skin, where it transforms the respective health benefits to the related parts of the system.

The largest organ of the human body is skin. Using Ayurvedic essential oils in topical application, aids in passing on the healing values to the system by penetrating through the skin cells. This traditional massaging technique helps in enhancing the blood circulation and augments the red blood cells count.

Massaging your system with 10 drops of Basil oil blended with 5 drops of Clove oil, 5 drops of Lavender oil and 5 drops of Lime oil along with 15 ml of coconut oil can assist in treating respiratory infections, skin problems, diabetes, high levels of cholesterol, headache, arthritis, rheumatism, dandruff, kidney stones, urinary infections and digestive disorders like indigestion, heartburn, vomiting and other stomach disorders.

a) Relieves pain and eliminates toxic substances:

Basil essential oil has detoxifying, diuretic, antioxidant and analgesic properties that help in discarding toxic remains from the system by promoting frequent urination. This also aids in reducing the level of uric acid and salt deposits, which may otherwise lead to the formation of kidney stones.

Improper blood circulation, stagnation of water deposits and amassing of toxic remains or ama (left due to indigestion) are the major causes for rheumatic conditions, arthritis and pain leading to stiff joints, inflammation, painful muscles, soreness, redness, irritation, fatigue and difficulties in performing routine tasks.

Gently massaging the painful and affected parts with this Ayurvedic massaging blend can be of great assistance in reducing inflammation, redness, irritation, pain and it also supports in promoting blood circulation in the painful areas. The therapeutic values of Basil oil along with other Ayurvedic oils in this massage blend promotes the frequency and quality of urination through which the toxic remains in the system are eliminated.

Homeopathy medication prescribes the use of Ocimum canum in the treatment of diseases associated with the kidneys, urethra and bladder. The most common health disorders treated with Basil in Homeopathic medicine are cramps and pain in kidneys and ureters, urinary problems like formation of high acidity or spike crystals of uric acid, renal colic, swelling and other symptoms of renal calculus.

b) Skin disorders and hair problems:

The essential oil of Basil has antimicrobial, antifungal, antiseptic and antiviral properties that help in healing numerous skin disorders including acne and dermatitis. 3 drops of Basil oil blended with 3 drops of Lavender oil and 3 ml of coconut oil can be applied on acne, marks, ringworm, eczema, athletes’ foot, leucoderma, itches and insect bites for improved results.

Basil oil also helps in clearing away skin blemishes and marks left behind by acne and wounds. Fresh juice extracted from Basil leaves mixed with honey is a traditional remedy for treating acne in Ayurveda. With its antifungal properties, Basil oil is said to be an excellent remedy for clearing dandruff, hair fall, dry and itchy scalp conditions.

A 2012 study on Antifungal activity of Ocimum canum Essential oil against Toxinogenic Fungi isolated from Peanut Seeds in post-harvest in Benin, published in the International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, concluded that the essential oil of Basil is used as an antifungal agent in protecting peanuts post harvest in Benin against the toxic strains of fungi like Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus.

This study justifies the use of the Basil leaves in the traditional medicine for treating numerous ailments and also reports “the essential oil of fresh leaves of O. canum as aflatoxin inhibitor and fungal growth suppressor. Based on these potentials, essential oil of Ocimum canum may be recommended as preservative of stored food commodities from fungal and aflatoxin contamination in storage system.”

Slightly heat 5 drops of Basil oil with 5 drops of Rosemary oil, 3 drops of Ylang Ylang oil and 3 drops of Lemon oil along with 10 ml of sesame oil and massage it soothingly on your scalp. Leave this blend to rest on your scalp for 30 minutes. Wash your hair with a mild shampoo blended with 1 drop of Basil oil and 1 drop of Lavender oil for treating dandruff, rough hair and split ends. This also aids in controlling hair fall and supports shiny, lustrous and thick hair.

c) Controls diabetes and reduces the level of cholesterol in the system:

Just like Clove oil, Basil oil is also a rich source of eugenol, caryophyllene and methyl eugenol. The high level of antioxidants along with these chemical constituents helps in supporting the proper functions of the pancreatic beta cells. These cells are responsible for storing and releasing of insulin in the system.

Massaging your system with this medicated blend will be a great aid in increasing the sensitivity to insulin and can help in controlling the level of blood sugar and insulin. This also helps in treating oxidative cellular stress and damage, thereby reducing the increased level of cholesterol and high blood pressure. You can also add 1 drop of Basil oil and 1 drop of Clove oil in your bathing water daily for obtaining these benefits.

A 2002 study on “Extract of Ocimum canum lowers blood glucose and facilitates insulin release by isolated pancreatic beta-islet cells” by Nyarko AK, Asare-Anane H, Ofosuhene M, Addy ME, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon studied the use of the aqueous extract of Ocimum canum in the traditional Ghanaian medicine for treating diabetes mellitus.

This study concluded that the use of Ocimum canum extracts on animal models “inhibited insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta-islet cells and fasting blood glucose levels and body weight decreased significantly.”

d) Reduces fever:

Basil oil is a known Ayurvedic remedy for treating fever, including viral and malarial fever. With its febrifuge, antibacterial, antifungal, insecticide and antimicrobial properties, Basil and its essential oil assists in reducing the body temperature even in cases of high fever.

Massaging your foot soles with 2 drops of Basil oil along with 2 drops of Coriander oil and 2 ml of coconut oil can help in reducing fever significantly as all the nerves in body end up in foot soles and passing the therapeutic properties of these essential oils through the foot soles grants instant relief.

2. In steam inhalation:

Basil essential oil has been proven for its remedial effects in reducing excess of kapha dosha, which is responsible for respiratory infections including flu, common cold, nasal congestion, sinusitis, bronchitis, chest congestion, whooping cough and breathing difficulties.

Adding 2 drops of Basil oil and 1 drop of Eucalyptus oil in steam inhalation can help in relieving cold, cough, nasal congestion, sinusitis, sore throat, watery eyes and difficulties in breathing due to excess of mucus and phlegm deposits in the nasal and bronchial passages.

3. In burners or vaporizers:

Aroma plays a significant role in the natural healing methodologies and is one among the five types of remedial measures in Ayurveda. The sense of smell in Ayurveda states that an encouraging, energizing and tranquilizing fragrance has a positive effect on the entire system. This is the major reason for the use of incense sticks, flowers and aromatic candles during prayers and other spiritual gatherings.

Basil essential oil owns a warm, sweet, herbaceous and invigorating aroma that implants an encouraging effect on the plasma, nervous system and the circulatory system. When inhaled the therapeutic properties of this oil reach the limbic system of the brain through the nasal passages. Limbic system is the control center of the human brain that controls the feelings, emotions and attributes of a person.

2 drops of Basil oil with 1 drop of Neroli oil and 1 drop of Clary Sage oil added to the burner, diffuser, aromatic candle or vaporizer during meditation or Pranayama can assist in treating anxiety, mood fluctuations, stress, fatigue, nervous weaknesses and stressful conditions. This also assists in enhancing memory power, concentration, sexual interest, self-confidence and spiritual oneness.

Being a sacred oil, Basil is known for its power in uplifting the spirit and supporting improved spiritual bonding. This also helps in expanding the heart chakra, which is responsible for self-confidence, self-love, self-respect and love for others. Inhaling the curative aroma of this oil is said to generate a soothing effect on the intestines and stomach and alleviates spasms and cramps.

4. In oral rinse and compresses:

Basil essential oil has antimicrobial and antibacterial properties that work as a protective shield against germs causing tooth decay, bad odor and gum problems.1 drop of Basil oil and 1 drop of Clove oil added to a cup of warm water can be used as an oral rinse for relieving plaque, tooth pain, bad breath and protecting from damaging germs and other micro-organisms. This gargle can also aid in strengthening the gums and lessening toothache due to sensitivity.

2 drops of Basil oil blended with 2 drops of Eucalyptus oil and 2 drops of Bergamot oil in warm or cold compress aids in relieving joint pain, headache, muscular spasms, arthritis, stomach ache, rheumatic pain and migraine.

5. Other uses:

Basil and its essential oil is also effective in the treatment of intestinal worms, indigestion, cancer (attributed to its antioxidant and cytotoxic activities), eye irritation, epileptic attacks, renal colic, vomiting, painful kidneys, epileptic convulsions, painful urination and weak immune system.

Disclaimer:

This article is meant only for the use of education and information. It is not in any way recommended for substituting prescription drugs or expert medical guidance. We are not professionals in healthcare and this information is shared purely based on the interest of spreading the fragrance of Ayurvedic healing, the world’s oldest medical system on earth.

Never use essential oils internally and make sure that you dilute essential oils before using it for external application. This is because 100 percent organic and pure essential oils are highly concentrated substances and may cause allergic reactions if used on the skin directly.

Talk with your Ayurvedic practitioner/ healthcare expert before selecting the most suitable essential oils for your prakriti or unique individual constitution and state of health. Please avoid using Basil oil if you have sensitive skin or during pregnancy.

Thought for the day:

By bringing nature into our lives, we invite humility. -Richard Louv

Suggested Reading:

Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief by David Winston, Steven Maimes
The Basil Supplement: Alternative Medicine for a Healthy Body (Health Collection) by William Wagner
Basil Recipes: Cooking with the King of Herbs (Quick and Easy Series) by Dogwood Apps
Essential Oils for Weight Loss: If You Are Not Using These Essential Oils You Are Missing Out On Weight Loss Success (Essential Oils for Beginners – … Need to Accomplish Your Weight Loss Goals) by Sophie Hart
The Ayurveda Encyclopedia: Natural Secrets to Healing, Prevention, & Longevity by Swami Sadashiva Tirtha

Reference Links:

Basil Oil Indian

Posted on February 5, 2024 by AyurvedicOils

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Basil is a blessing in disguise for the rest of the world but for most of the traditional Indian families, every day begins with the blessing of Lord Krishna through Basil leaves. This holy plant is being worshipped by the Hindus in India since thousands of years and is a familiar thing to find a Basil or Tulsi plant in every home. It is known to the world of medicine as a digestive tonic, respiratory aid, anti-depressant, pain reliever, skin care agent, immune stimulant and as a symbol of divinity.

Valued as an emblem of sacredness, purification, love, protection, eternity, respect and good luck, Basil is used in Ayurvedic preparations for more than 5,000 years. It is lovingly called as Tulsi in Hindi and Surasa in Sanskrit and has been a vital part of Ayurvedic healing of a plethora of illnesses.

The most notable among them are nervous tension, constipation, rheumatism, whooping cough, asthma, sinus congestion, bronchitis, stress, bruises, diabetes, fever, poor memory, poisonous bites and stings, acne and kidney disorders.

Historical uses and importance of Basil leaves and its essential oil:

Popularly known as the ‘Queen of herbs’ in Ayurveda, Basil is botanically called as Ocimum sanctum. It is grown throughout the world for its spiritual and medicinal uses. Highly regarded as a symbol of ‘Good luck charm’, Basil plant has myriad references in the history of world medicine.

Basil plant has been talked about in the ancient sacred books like Rig Veda and in the Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita. Respected as an elixir of life in Ayurveda, this plant is said to pave way to absolute balance and longevity for its enormous medicinal values.

The oldest historical mention of Basil leaves is in the ancient Hindu mythology, where Basil or Tulsi plant is said to symbolize Vishnupriya, the wife of Lord Vishnu and the incarnation of Goddess Lakshmi. God Vishnu is honored with the garland made with Basil leaves.

Few other sources state that Tulsi is trusted as a form of Goddess Tulsi and this plant is considered as a symbol of blessedness because it is believed to have grown from the ashes of Goddess Tulsi. Basil plant is worshipped by the married Hindu women in India for being blessed with the faithfulness of Goddess Tulsi.

Known as Bacia-nicola (meaning kiss me Nicholas) in Italy, Basil is regarded as a representation of love and luck and is said to attract man to his lady love. It was used in the ancient Greece in the crowning ceremonies of Kings for purification.

Besides its medicinal values, Basil leaves are also used for culinary purposes for its strong aroma and astringent flavor, especially in Asian cooking. The seeds and leaves of this plant are used in the preparation of an herbal tea, which is said to gift good health and fortune.

The native populace of the Indian subcontinent including the Himalayan areas generally grind the leaves and seeds of Basil plant and blend this with Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), Katuka (Picrorhiza kurroa), Bel Fruit (Aegle marmelos), Sugandi root (Hemidesmus indicus), and Blue Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). This herbal mixture is then smoked for persuading the vision and dreams.

The tribal population in Australia has reported the use of Basil leaves in the preparation of an herbal tea for supporting the system as a tonic for treating fever, respiratory problems and few other illnesses. The essential oil extracted from Basil leaves also finds its use in the field of herbal cosmetics and in the treatment of skin disorders and numerous other illnesses.

Therapeutic properties and chemical constituents of Basil essential oil:

The remedial values of Basil oil are cephalic, antifungal, diaphoretic, anti-asthmatic, emmenagogue, antispasmodic, antiseptic, anti-cancer, antidote, anti-oxidant, diuretic, anti-fertility, expectorant, anti-diabetic, anti-malarial, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory.

The primary chemical components of Basil oil are eugenol, ursolic acid, b-caryophyllene, linalool, oleanolic acid, carvacrol, germacrone D, b-elemene and linolenic acid. Vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, zinc, potassium, calcium and magnesium are few among its nutritional constituents.

Ayurvedic health benefits of Basil Indian essential oil:

Adorably called as Tulsi in India, Basil is the most respected and often talked about herb in the history of Ayurveda. With its divine aroma and holiness, Tulsi is esteemed high for its healing values. These holy leaves are chewed daily in the morning after performing the ritual prayers for cleansing the system, stimulating metabolic functions, supporting the respiratory functions and strengthening the immune system.

Ayurveda is by far the pioneer of the medicinal world with more than 5,000 years of promising existence. It has its roots vested with the ancient India, where its origin has been referred to Atharvaveda, one among the four sacred books of the Indian mythology. With the literal meaning of ‘knowledge of life’, Ayurveda means more than a method of treating illnesses.

Holding all these prominent reasons, Ayurveda is known as a common sense science. It leads mankind towards a holistic life with the gifts of absolute health, harmony and longevity. The medications prescribed in Ayurveda simply rely on Mother Nature as it trusts that everything on this globe is a vital part of Nature.

With this philosophy, Ayurvedic texts denote that all things on earth including human beings are built up with the same 5 vital building blocks of nature. They are fire, air, water, earth and space. Earth stands for the bones and muscles in the body and represents braveness, stability and vitality. Air is responsible for the functions of the lungs, heart, intestines and joints.

Ether is found all over the body, where the presence of emptiness and cavity exist. Few parts among them are blood vessels, nostrils, bladder and heart. Fire controls the body temperature, metabolic functions and intellectual power. Water is in charge of the fluid functions of the body, including saliva, blood, plasma and mucus.

According to Ayurveda, every individual is a unique entity with a unique individual constitution or Prakriti, which is an arrangement of the 3 biological energies known as doshas. Ayurvedic principles revolve around the pillars of these dynamic forces, which are a combination of the vital elements of nature. They are vata, pitta and kapha doshas.

Every person has a predominance of any one of these doshas, which determines the character, personality, health conditions and behavioral attributes of a person. An individual is claimed to be healthy when there is absolute balance between all the three doshas and imbalances between these doshas end up in illnesses.

Ayurveda prescribes natural remedies like plant essential oils, herbs, meditation, yoga, prayers, Ayurvedic routine along with Ayurvedic healing techniques like Panchakarma (the Ayurvedic detox techniques), Pranayama (art of balanced breathing), Abhyanga (Ayurvedic massaging) etc. These remedies aim at correcting the imbalances of doshas, prevent illnesses and sustain a healthy life even in the late 60s and 70s.

Basil essential oil has heating and neutral energies (virya) and sharp and bitter taste (rasa). It is known for reducing excess of vata and kapha doshas and aggravates pitta dosha. Basil is said to have amazing beneficial effects on the respiratory system, circulatory system, reproductive organs and the digestive system.

The major Ayurvedic health benefits of Basil essential oil are as follows:

1. Alleviates depression, stress and disorders of the autonomic nervous system: Visceral or the autonomic nervous system supports the generation of hormones and its resultant responses in the human system. It controls the vital functions of the system including breathing, salivation, digestion, heart rate, urination, perspiration, respiratory rate, breathing and sexual feelings.

Problems in the functioning of this involuntary nervous system can result in indigestion, breathing problems, heart disorders, improper blood circulation, depression, nervousness, anxiety, headache, sexual problems and kidney disorders.

Basil essential oil has a balancing effect on the nervous system. This aids in treating anxiety, stress, depression, nervousness, loss of interest and negative emotions. When inhaled by adding 1 drop of Basil oil, 1 drop of Rose Geranium oil and 1 drop of Lavender oil in diffuser or air freshener, can aid in alleviating stress, inspiring positive feelings, elevating the spirits, augmenting memory power and grant the strength to face challenges.

According to the Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita, Tulsi “opens the heart and the mind and distributes the energy of love and devotion. Basil is sacred to Vishnu and Krishna and strengthens faith, compassion, and clarity.

Tulsi stalks are worn as garlands and strengthen the energy of attachment. Basil imparts divine protection by purifying the aura and invigorating the immune system. It contains natural mercury that, as the seed of Shiva, imparts the germinative power of pure consciousness.”

According to a 2010 study on “Ocimum sanctum Linn. A reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: An overview by Priyabrata Pattanayak,Pritishova Behera, Debajyoti Das and Sangram K. Panda, published in PubMed says, “Tulsi is considered to be an adaptogen, balancing different processes in the body, and helpful for adapting to stress.”

Adding 2 drops of Basil oil in bathing water every morning and night helps in bringing in abundant of constructive thoughts, progressive ideas, encouraging feelings and new-fangled energy to face your new day and relax for a peaceful night. 2 drops of Basil oil added to your air freshener in the night can aid in granting absolute solace and calmness.

“Basil has strong effects on the emotions, and can be very strengthening when we are suffering fear or sadness”, says Bryan Miller and Light Miller in their book Ayurveda and Aromatherapy.

2. Enormous benefits to the skin:

Tulsi is a darling remedy when it comes to the protection of skin from various infections and disorders. With its antioxidant and detoxifying properties, Tulsi acts as an excellent skin cleansing and nourishing agent that gifts your skin with a flawless beauty and younger look.

The antifungal and anti-microbial properties of this oil acts as a shield against microbes and aids in the treatment of acne, eczema, scabies, itches, ringworm, athlete’s foot and infectious wounds. The rich presence of Vitamins A and C nourish the skin from within and help in exploring and retaining its natural glow.

The book ‘Ocimum sanctum: The Indian Home Remedy In Current Medical Scene’ have talked about various studies, where the essential oil of Basil “has been found to inhibit in-vitro growth of E. coli, B. anthracis and P. aeruginosa proving its anti-bacterial activity.” It is also said that this oil contains anti-viral and anti-fungal properties.

Massaging your skin with 2 drops of Basil oil blended with 1 drop of Lemon oil, 1 drop of Bergamot oil and 1 drop of Lavender oil along with 2.5 ml of olive oil helps in removing the dead skin cells, reducing pimples, black heads and fading away marks left behind by wounds and acne. You can also apply this blend on wounds, eczema, psoriasis, athlete’s foot, ringworm, scabies, wounds and itches for quicker healing.

3. Nurtures the growth of healthy hair:

Basil has been an important ingredient in numerous Ayurvedic and other herbal preparations for hair care. Take 5 drops of Basil oil, 5 drops of Rosemary oil, 2 drops of Lime oil along with 10 ml of Almond oil and heat this mixture slightly.

Massaging your scalp with this herbal blend helps in promoting the growth of hair by strengthening the hair follicles, reducing dandruff, moisturizing dry scalp and rough hair, controlling itching and enriching the scalp.

4. Alleviates fever and respiratory illnesses:

The anti-viral, anti-microbial and anti-malarial properties of Basil essential oil aids in reducing fever. Numerous research studies have reported that Basil oil contains 100 percent insecticidal and larvicidal activities especially against Culex mosquitoes.

Massage your foot soles with 2 drops of Basil oil and 2 drops of Lavender oil blended with 2 ml of coconut oil for reducing fever. Adding 2 drops of Basil oil in your air-freshener or diffuser can be of great assistance in keeping away from insects with its insect-repellant properties.

The therapeutic properties of Basil oil including its anti-microbial and anti-viral attributes helps in arresting the growth of bacteria, virus and other micro-organisms that worsen cold, cough and other respiratory infections. Mucus and phlegm deposits in the system are again a result of excess kapha dosha.

Basil oil is an effective Ayurvedic remedy for lowering excess of kapha dosha that aids in loosening the phlegm and mucus accumulation in the body. 2 drops of Basil oil and 2 drops of Eucalyptus oil added to steam inhalation can grant you instant relief from cold, cough, stiff nose, congestion, sinusitis, whooping cough and blocked nasal passages.

You can also massage your chest, back and throat with 1 drop of Basil oil and 1 drop of Eucalyptus oil mixed with your vaporizing ointment for supporting quicker relief. This oil also helps in strengthening the immune system and helps in fighting against infectious and communicable diseases.

5. Helps control diabetes and the risk of cardiac disorders:

The essential oil of Basil has anti-diabetic properties that aids in the treatment of diabetes by controlling the level of blood sugar. With its diuretic properties, Tulsi promotes frequent urination through which the toxic elements in the system are flushed out and helps to stay energized.

A 2005 study published in the Journal of Indian Physiology and Pharmacology says “eugenol in Basil oil have been found to reduce raised blood sugar, triglyceride and cholesterol levels and activities of LDH, GPT, GOT and alkaline phosphatase in blood serum explaining the therapeutic potentials of Ocimum sanctum as antidiabetic, cardio-protective, hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective agent.”

The decoction extracted from the whole plant has been recommended in Ayurveda for lowering the level of blood glucose in case of diabetes mellitus. The presence of eugenol and other therapeutic constituents in this oil are also effective in reducing blood cholesterol and blood pressure. With its antioxidant properties, Basil oil is also known for protecting the heart from the effects of harmful free radicals.

Massaging your system with 5 drops of Basil oil, 5 drops of Juniper oil, 5 drops of Myrtle oil and 2 drops of Clove oil along with 20 ml of coconut oil, once in a week can help in controlling blood sugar, blood pressure and blood cholesterol. You can also add 2 drops of Basil oil in your diffuser every day and inhale this magical aroma for enhancing your heart health.

6. Relieves pain and inflammation:

The pain relieving quality of Basil oil is attributed to the presence of eugenol. This contributes to the analgesic, relaxant, nervine and anti-inflammatory qualities of this oil.

Tulsi oil reduces inflammation and swelling with its kapha reducing attribute. Kapha dosha represents the water element in the body and excess of which leads to the amassing of water deposits, built up of toxic substances, uric acid and salts in the system.

Gently massaging the painful and affected parts with 3 drops of Basil oil, 3 drops of Eucalyptus oil and 3 drops of Camphor oil with 5 ml of coconut oil aids in treating pain, rheumatic conditions, arthritis, headache, stiff joints and back pain.

This works by spreading heat in the painful areas with its heating energy, induce frequent urination where the excess water deposits and toxic remains in the system are eliminated.

7. Promotes digestion:

Basil oil has the power to increase ‘Agni’ or the digestive fire in the system with its pitta-enhancing attribute. Pitta dosha symbolizes fire and is responsible for metabolic functions, including digestion, absorption and excretion.

Adding 5 drops of Basil oil in warm compress or massaging your abdomen with 2 drops of Basil oil, 2 drops of Lavender oil and 2 drops of Bergamot oil with 4 ml of sesame oil can aid in promoting the secretion of bile, digestive juices and gastric acids.

This assists in treating indigestion, formation of gas in the stomach and intestines, vomiting, motion sickness, colic, sluggish digestion and intestinal spasms. The anti-microbial property of this oil helps in killing germs and harmful micro-organisms in the stomach and intestines.

Also useful in:

Basil essential oil is also helpful in the treatment of eye problems, oral infections, migraine pain, kidney stones, mouth ulcers, cancerous tumors, Alzheimer’s disease, labour pain and certain other medical conditions.

Disclaimer:

This post is only for the use of education and information. It is not intended for diagnosing, treating or preventing illnesses or substituting expert medical advice or prescribed medicines. We are not medical professionals and this information is shared only for spreading the glory of Ayurvedic remedies, the mother of all healing systems on earth.

Never ingest essential oils and always dilute essential oils before using it for topical applications. This is due to the fact that 100% pure and organic essential oils are extremely concentrated substances.

Avoid using Basil oil if you are pregnant or a nursing mother as it has anti-fertility and anti-estrogenic effects that may cause harm. Speak with your Ayurvedic practitioner/ healthcare professional before selecting the appropriate essential oils for your prakriti or unique individual constitution and medical condition.

Thought for the day:

He that will enjoy the brightness of sunshine, must quit the coolness of the shade. -Samuel Johnson

Suggested Reading:

Tulsi Holy Basil: The “Queen of Herbs” in Ayurveda, TCM and Homeopathy (Learning Medicinal Herbs within India’s Ancient Ayurvedic Medicine Book 2) by Ryder Management Inc.
Fragrance & Wellbeing: Plant Aromatics and Their Influence on the Psyche by Jennifer Peace Rhind
Ayurveda: The A-Z Guide To Healing Techniques From Ancient India by Dr. Helen Mary Thomas
Basil Recipes: Cooking with the King of Herbs (Quick and Easy Series) by Dogwood Apps
The Basil Supplement: Alternative Medicine for a Healthy Body (Health Collection) by William Wagner

Reference Links: